Micro Summary: Reservoir/Transmission Flashcards
Histotoxic Clostridia: C. perfringens, C. septicum
GI, soil
C. tetani
Soil
C. botulism
Soil, home-prepared foods, Alaska
Campylobacter jejuni
Animal Contaminated food (esp poultry) & water
Haemophilus influenzae
Humans
Respiratory
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Humans
Respiratory
Escherichia coli
Humans, GI
Contaminated food/water
Salmonella
GI, sewage, feces
Shigella
GI, sewage, feces
Fecal-oral
Klebsiella
GI, skin
Yersinia pestis
Rodents, fleas
Fecal-oral
Rickettsia rickettsii
Dermacentor Ticks
Ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rodents
Ticks
Bacillus anthracis
Livestock
Livestock exposure, injection drugs
Francisella tularensis
Rabbits, ticks, flies
Ticks
Helicobacter pylori
Humans
Fecal-oral
Enterococcus faecium
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Humans, warm/moist sites
Fomites
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Skin
Acinetobacter baumanii
ICUs & wounded soldiers in Afghanistan
Hands
Neisseria meningitidis
Humans, nasopharynx
Respiratory, Genital, Oral/GI
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Human
Streptococcus pyogenes
Humans, mucosal surfaces, skin & soft tissue
Aerosols, direct contact
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Humans, respiratory tract
Respiratory
Listeria monocytogenes
Food (soft cheese), soil, zoonotic
Fecal-oral, mother to fetus
Legionella pneumophila
Contaminated water
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Through wounds, surgical incisions, burns, etc.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Respiratory
Mycobacterium leprae
Africa, Asia, Latin America, humans, armadillos
Respiratory
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Humans
Nasopharyngeal, cutaneous
Vibrio cholera
Estuary water
Contaminated food/water
Bordetella pertussis
Humans
Candida albicans
Mouth, skin, GI, vagina
Cryptococcus neoformans & gattii
World (N), tropical (G)
Sporothrix schenckii
Soil, infected plants
Rose gardeners
Penicillum marneffei
SE Asia
Histoplasma capsulatum
OH/MS river valleys
Birds, bats, caves
Coccidiodes immitis
SW US
Blastomyces dermatidis
OH/MS river valleys
Entamoeba histolytica
World, rare in US
Cysts
Giardia lamblia
World, US
IgA deficiency, cysts, fecal-oral
Cryptosporidium
World, US
Cysts, fecal-oral
Microsporidium
World, US
Trichomonas vaginalis
World, US
Plasmodium falciparum
Most deadly, tropical regions, mosquitoes year round, infect RBCs, no dormant liver stage (hyponozoites, no relapse)
Plasmodium vivax & ovale
Less severe, more temperate zones, mosquitoes during warmer months, hypnozoites (latent liver form), late relapse, only infects reticulocytes
Babesia
Northeastern US
Tick vectors
Leishmania
Central & South America, Middle East, & Africa
Trypanosoma
Central and South America / Africa
Kissing bugs / Tsetse fly
Toxoplasma gondii
Cat feces, uncooked meat, rodents
Ascaris lumbricoides
US, impoverished rural areas
Eggs ingested
Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale)
Impoverished rural areas
Eggs penetrate skin
Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)
US
Eggs ingested
Strongyloides stercoralis
US, impoverished rural areas
Eggs penetrate skin
Whipworm (trichuris trichiura)
US, impoverished rural areas
Eggs ingested
Trichinella
Contaminated meat
Schistosoma hepatobium, japonicum, & mansoni
Slowly moving fresh water
Cercariae, snail
Taenia solium
Latin America, Asia
Pork
Taenia saginata
Beef
Echinococcus granulosus
Dogs, cysts, oncospheres
Poliovirus
Humans
Fecal-oral
HIV
Humans
Sex, drugs
HAV
Humans
Fecal-oral
HBV
Parenteral
HCV
Parenteral
HDV
Parenteral
HEV
Fecal-oral
HSV
Humans
STD
HPV
Humans
STD
VZV
Respiratory
West Nile Virus
Birds
Mosquitoes
Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, US
Norovirus
Humans
Fecal-oral
Rotavirus
Humans
Fecal-oral
Adenovirus
Humans
Respiratory, GI, water
Hantavirus
Rodents
Respiratory
Rabies
Animals
Smallpox
Humans
Droplet nuclei, direct contact, fomites
VHFs
Rodent (arena)
Animals, humans
Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, US
EBV
Oral secretions, Bloodstream spread
Influenza
Respiratory
Measles
Respiratory
Rubella
Respiratory