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piggy > Micro - Mycology > Flashcards

Micro - Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Most fungal spores are _____ (sexual/asexual).

A

Asexual

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2
Q

Asexual fungal spores are also known as what?

A

Conidia

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3
Q

A gardener has an arm pustule with ascending lymphangitis. You biopsy it and see a fungus. What is it and how do you treat it?

A

Sporotrichosis (“rose gardener’s disease”) caused by Sporothrix schenckii;
treatment is itraconazole or potassium iodide

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4
Q

A girl has hyperpigmented skin patches. You biopsy the skin and see “spaghetti
and meatballs” on KOH prep. Diagnosis?

A

Tinea versicolor, caused by Malassezia furfur fungus

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5
Q

Name two systemic mycoses that are transmitted by inhalation of asexual spores.

A

Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis

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6
Q

What do histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis have in
common?

A 
They are all systemic mycoses caused by dimorphic fungi (mold in soil, but yeast 
in tissue (remember: mold = cold; heat = yeast)
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7
Q

Histoplasmosis is endemic in what area of the United States?

A

The Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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8
Q

Histoplasmosis is most commonly transmitted via what substance?

A

Bird or bat droppings

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9
Q

Blastomycosis is endemic in what areas of the United States?

A

The states east of the Mississippi River; it is also common in Central America

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10
Q

What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of blastomycosis?

A

Big, broad-based budding

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11
Q

A 40-year-old male from Central America presents with dyspnea and
granulomatous skin nodules. What diagnosis do you expect?

A

Blastomycosis

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12
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in what area of the United States?

A

The southwestern United States, including California

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13
Q

What are two colloquial names for disease caused by coccidioidomycosis?

A

San Joaquin Valley fever and desert valley fever (desert bumps)

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14
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in what area?

A

Latin America

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15
Q

The yeast that causes paracoccidioidomycosis has what appearance on
microscopy?

A

The “captains wheel” appearance

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16
Q

What is the treatment of choice for local infection with dimorphic fungi?

A

Fluconazole or ketoconazole

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17
Q

What is the treatment of choice for systemic infection with dimorphic fungi?

A

Amphotericin B

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18
Q

Systemic mycoses can mimic which other infectious disease with granuloma
formation?

A

Tuberculosis

19
Q

Histoplasmosis has what appearance under microscopy?

A

Macrophages filled with yeast (remember: Histo Hides in macrophages)

20
Q

All systemic mycoses can cause what type of illness?

A

Pneumonia that can disseminate

21
Q

In addition to pneumonia, what other illnesses can coccidioidomycosis cause?

A

Meningitis with dissemination to skin and bone

22
Q

Describe the sizes of the four dimorphic fungi in relation to the size of a red blood
cell.

A

Histoplasmosis: smaller; blastomycosis: same; coccidioidomycosis and
paracoccidioidomycosis: larger

23
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by what organism?

A

Malassezia furfur

24
Q

An athlete presents with hypopigmented macules on her upper back after a summer
of exercising. What is your diagnosis and what is the treatment?

A

Tinea versicolor; treat with topical miconazole and selenium sulfide

25
Q

What are the characteristic skin lesions of tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, and capitis?

A

Pruritic lesions with central clearing that resembles a ring (the infection is
colloquially known as ringworm)

26
Q

Tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea capitis are caused by what
organisms?

A

Dermatophytes (ie, Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton)

27
Q

What animals are commonly reservoirs for Microsporum?

A

House pets

28
Q

What is the typical microscopic appearance of the agent causing tinea versicolor on
KOH prep?

A

“Spaghetti and meatballs” (Malassezia furfur)

29
Q

Pets infected with Microsporum can be treated with what?

A

Topical azoles

30
Q

What causes hypopigmented patches of tinea versicolor?

A

Degradation of lipids by Malassezia furfur, producing acids that damage
melanocytes

31
Q

Dermatophytes have what microscopic appearance in KOH prep?

A

Visible mold hyphae

32
Q

What four patient populations commonly contract oral and esophageal thrush as a
result of Candida infection?

A

Neonates, steroid users, patients with diabetes, and patients with AIDS

33
Q

How is Candida albicans diagnosed microscopically?

A

Yeast with pseudohyphae in culture, germ tubes at body temperature

34
Q

Vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans commonly occurs in what types of
patients?

A

Women with a high vaginal pH, diabetes, and/or a recent history of antibiotic use

35
Q

What three diseases are caused by Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung cavity aspergilloma (“fungus ball”),
and invasive aspergillosis

36
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ____ (mold/yeast/dimorphic) with a _____ branching
pattern and ____ hyphae.

A

Mold (not dimorphic); V-shaped (remember: Acute Angles in Aspergillus); septate

37
Q

Cryptococcus neoformanscauses what two diseases?

A

Cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis

38
Q

Which two tests can be used to diagnose cryptococcal infection?

A

India ink stain and latex agglutination test

39
Q

Where can the heavily encapsulated yeast of Cryptococcus neoformans be found in
nature?

A

Soil and pigeon droppings

40
Q

On what medium is Cryptococcus neoformanscultured?

A

Sabouraud’s agar

41
Q

What stain can be used to visualize Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

India Ink

42
Q

How are Mucorand Rhizopus species morphologically different

from Aspergillus species?

A

Mucor and Rhizopus have irregular, nonseptate hyphae with wide-angle branching,
while Aspergillus have more uniform septate hyphae with acute-angle branching

43
Q

A patient exposed to bat droppings develops pneumonia. You see macrophages
filled with yeast on microscopy. Diagnosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

44
Q

A pigeon keeper on immunosuppressants develops meningitis. You sample
the cerebrospinal fluid and see heavily encapsulated yeast. Diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans infection

piggy (83 decks)

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