micro exam 2 ( done) Flashcards
A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over
What is the most concerning possible cause of the patient’s persistent fever and other symptoms?
Cancer
A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over
Based upon the patient’s report, the RN infers that the tender, palpable lump under the right arm is most likely which of the following?
Lymph node
A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over
The RN anticipates the physician will order which of the following tests?
all of the choices are correct.
A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over
When does the RN advise the patient to see the physician?
In the next 24 hours
A 43-year-old female consults a telephone advice RN due to concern over
After a thorough medical work up, the patient is diagnosed with breast cancer. Which of the following is the source of the patient’s persistent fever?
Endogenous pyrogens
A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is the most likely diagnosis based upon the patient’s presentation?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported
What type of hypersensitivity do the patient’s symptoms demonstrate?
Type III: Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported
Which of the following organs may be affected in the patient’s disease?
All of these choices are correct.
A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported
The RN may anticipate which of the following medications to be initiated for this patient?
All of these choices are correct.
A 38-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with reported
Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates a proper understanding of autoimmune disease?
My body has formed antibodies against itself
The ________ of a test means the test can detect even very small concentrations of the antigen or antibody being analyzed, whereas the ________ of a test focuses on the ability of a test to only detect the desired antigen or antibody without reacting with other unrelated substances.
sensitivity; specificity
Superantigens are ________.
bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens
Helper T cells ________.
activate B cells and other T cells
Point- source epidemic
Epidemic in which the infectious agent came from a single source and all victims were exposed to that source, at approximately the same time
Propagated epidemic
An epidemic that is sustained over time by its spread from person to person
common - source epidemic
An outbreak resulting from common exposure to a single source of an infection that occured over a period of time
The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep
A Western blot test will be performed. The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?
The Western blot test is unlikely to generate a false-positive result. This will be used to confirm or refute the ELISA test results.
Streptococcus pyogenes causes all of the following except ________.
scalded skin syndrome
The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep
The patient reports that he had a negative HIV PCR test about a month ago. What is the most appropriate interpretation of this information by the nurse?
It is possible the ELISA was a false-positive, and the Western blot must be performed to confirm the results.
The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has rep
An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result. The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?
It is possible that this is a false-positive result since the test may have been positive for something other than HIV.
Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?
Adjuvant
Select the correctly apply to PAMPS and PRRS
PRRs are present at all times on phagocytic cells and even lymphocytes, regardless of whether they have encountered their corresponding PAMP
PAMPS are molecules present only on microorganisms and they serve as signal molecules for pathogen recognition
Peptidoglycan, LPS, and double- stranded RNA and all PAMPS since they are not present in eukaryotic cells
Diapedesis is the ________.
migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues
Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ________.
markers
Pig picture
Gamma-delta T cells differ from other T cells in that ________.
they can be directly activated by PAMPs, whereas other T cells have to be presented with the antigen in conjunction with an MHC molecule on an antigen-presenting cell
Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?
Contains toxoids
Chickenpox ________.
All of the choices are correct.
Titer is the amount of ________.
antibody in serum
. This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage.
Rubella
Healthcare-associated infections involve all the following except _______.
they are only transmitted by medical personnel
The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their _______.
virulence
What enzyme is not found in Staphylococcus epidermidis but is found in Staphylococcus aureus?
Coagulase
A positive indirect ELISA result requires ________.
a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody
Similar to macrophages, ________ are products of the monocytic cell line that reside throughout the tissues and present antigen to lymphocytes.
dendritic cells
Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n) _____ hypersensitivity.
immediate
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.
red blood cells
Main function is to serve as antigen receptor on B- cell surface
IgD
The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of ________.
congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland
Which of the following is not a property of B cells?
Require antigen presented with MHC proteins
Antibody made at the beginning of initial response to antigen
IgM
Dimer that is a significant component of mucus and secretion
IgA
Most prevalent in circulation
IgG
Mediates allergic response
Ige
MRSAs are Staphylococcus aureus strains that are ________.
resistant to penicillin derivatives
An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic
Which of the following lymphocytes are affected by HIV?
Helper T cells
An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic
What statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the role of helper T cells?
Helper T cells regulate immune reactions through both B cells and T cells
An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering
In order to prevent the spread of disease to other patients, the RN observes all of the following precautions, except _______.
disinfection of needles following injections
An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic
Which of the following signs is most indicative of the development of AIDS from HIV?
Recurrent diseases
An RN is caring for a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodefic
Which of the following presents the greatest risk for infection for this patient?
Exposure to individuals with contagious acute illness
Hematopoiesis is the ________
production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering
All of the following factors increase the patient’s risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, except _______.
genetic defect
Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?
Include Kupffer cells
An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering
The patient developed the infection since hospitalization. Which of the following terms best describes this type of infection?
Healthcare-associated infection
If an infectious disease emerged that was highly contagious and virulent, resulting in certain death with no known cure, epidemiological data would show _______.
a high incidence and low prevalence
An RN in an oncology unit is caring for a 70-year-old patient recovering
The patient is experiencing severe diarrhea every 6 hours. Which phase of infection is she most likely experiencing?
Period of invasion
A female who is Rh– ________.
is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn
Choose the statement that best describes the PCR’s usefulness in infectious disease diagnosis.
Results in amplification of sample DNA
As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio
Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the cause of infectious disease?
“Host resistance and organism pathogenicity determine the type and severity of infection an individual will experience.”
As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio
As the RN, you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections. All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection, except ________.
hospital beds
As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an educatio
The infectious disease RN discusses scenarios that require hand washing with germicidal soap and water instead of alcohol-based hand cleanser. Which of the following statements by a new nurse is most accurate regarding when hands should be washed with soap and water?
“I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated, but also before and after using gloves.”
High titers of specific antibodies are components of ________.
specific immune globulin (SIG)
Corticosteroids will ________.
Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes
Leukopenia is the ______ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.
Decrease
The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.
cytotoxic T cells
What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient’s tissue?
Both skin graft and organ transplantation
Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?
Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
All of the following pertain to interferon except it ________.
increases capillary permeability and vasodilation
A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w
The causative organism for measles is a ________.
virus
A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w
Which of the following interactions is most likely to transmit the disease?
Sneezing
A 21-year-old male college student reports to the school health clinic w
Which of the following is the most effective method of measles prevention?
Vaccination
The major category(ies) of hypersensitivity that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is (are) ________.
type I, type II, and type III
