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micro final > chapter 17 (done) > Flashcards

chapter 17 (done) Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ________.

A

subarachnoid space

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2
Q

Which type of neuroglia has phagocytic capabilities in the CNS?

A

Microglial cells

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3
Q

The concept of “immunologically privileged” explains why the CNS ________.

A

has a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body

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4
Q

Meningococcemia is ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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5
Q

Prophylactic rifampin is indicated for individuals in close contact with patients infected by ________.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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6
Q

Which of the following is a sign of meningitis?

A

All of the choices are correct.

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7
Q

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by ________.

A

close contact

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8
Q

Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into _______ that will release endospores into the lungs.

A

Spherules

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9
Q

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Responds well to penicillin

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10
Q

Each of the following is true for Listeria monocytogenes except ________.

A

Fastidious

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11
Q

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?

A

Treatment involves antitoxin therapy

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12
Q

Which of the following is not true of meningoencephalitis?

A

Causative organisms are viruses

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13
Q

Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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14
Q

Spongiform encephalopathies are ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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15
Q

Each of the following is true for Toxoplasma gondii except ________.

A

has a narrow host range

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16
Q

Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease live ________.

A

less than 1 year post diagnosis

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17
Q

The Salk IPV and the Sabin OPV differ from one another in that ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a prion disease?

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

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19
Q

Which is incorrect about rabies?

A

Average incubation in human is 1 week

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20
Q

Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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21
Q

In paralytic polio, what structures are damaged?

A

Anterior horn cells

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22
Q

Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of ________.

A

Clostridium tetani

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23
Q

Polio virus initially multiplies in the ________.

A

oropharynx and intestine

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24
Q

Choose the microorganism that is the causative agent of the most serious acute form of bacterial meningitis to test your understanding of this disease.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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25
Q

The foodborne disease that involves neurotoxin is ________.

A

Botulism

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26
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the characteristics of Zika virus disease?

A

Individuals who live in mosquito-infested areas can be administered a vaccine as prevention.

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27
Q

A 20-year-old female college student is admitted to the intensive care u

. NCLEX Based upon the patient’s symptoms, which of the following tests is most important to obtain a diagnosis?

A

Lumbar puncture

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28
Q

Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

A

Botulinum

29
Q

A 20-year-old female college student is admitted to the intensive care u

NCLEX Based upon the patient’s clinical presentation and course of illness, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Meningitis

30
Q

A 75-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance

What components of the patient’s history are most important for the nurse to collect during the initial triage assessment?

A

Past medical history, mosquito exposure, allergies, medications

31
Q

A 75-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance

The patient’s son is anxious about his mother’s prognosis. He asks the RN if his mother will survive the infection. What is the best response by the nurse?

A

Unfortunately, we see about a 70% mortality rate for this disease. We are doing everything we can do to provide excellent care for your mother.

32
Q

A 20-year-old female college student is admitted to the intensive care u

Which antibiotic(s) would the nurse expect the medical team to prescribe to treat pneumococcus?

A

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone

33
Q

A 20-year-old female college student is admitted to the intensive care u

What is the best measure of prevention for pneumococcus?

A

Vaccination with Pneumovax 23

34
Q

A 20-year-old female college student is admitted to the intensive care u

A lumbar puncture is performed, which confirms a diagnosis of meningitis. The pathology report indicates that the cerebral spinal fluid sample was found to have gram-positive cocci in pairs and the patient is diagnosed with pneumococcus. What is the causative organism?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

35
Q

A 75-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance

The RN updates the patient’s son on the plan of treatment. What is the most appropriate antibiotic to treat this illness?

A

No antibiotic therapy is indicated.

36
Q

A 75-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance

Multiple tests are performed, and the patient is diagnosed with Eastern Equine Encephalitis. What is the best initial treatment regimen?

A

Hydration, antiepileptic drugs, antipyretics

37
Q

An RN is part of a team that has traveled to sub-Saharan Africa to volun

Which of the following diseases should the nurse be most concerned about, considering the patient’s presentation?

A

Polio

38
Q

An RN is part of a team that has traveled to sub-Saharan Africa to volun

How is the poliovirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

39
Q

An RN is part of a team that has traveled to sub-Saharan Africa to volun

Serological testing on the patient’s cerebral spinal fluid confirms a diagnosis of polio. What is the best treatment modality?

A

Pain control and respiratory support

40
Q

An RN is part of a team that has traveled to sub-Saharan Africa to volun

The RN assists in educating the patient’s mother about the diagnosis through a translator. What is the causative agent for polio?

A

Poliovirus

41
Q
A
42
Q

Polio

A

Virus is transmitted by vehicles or the fecal- oral route
IPV is used for prevention today in the united states

43
Q

Tetanus

A

Characterized by spastic paralysis
Prevention is the DTaP vaccine along with TD boosters every 10 years

44
Q

Rabies

A

Slow, progressive encephalitis transmitted by bites or droplets
Treatment is post exposure active and passive immunization

45
Q

Botulism

A

Characterized by flaccid paralysis
Treatment involves the use of a trivalent antitoxin to inactivate the exotoxin made by the causative bacterium

46
Q
A
47
Q

A hunter in NC was bitten by a raccoon caught in his trap eight weeks ago, now displays agitation, disorientation and seizures.

A

Rabies

48
Q

A 73-year-old farmer gashed his hand on a barbed wire fence one week ago and is now experiencing uncontrollable muscle spasms in his jaw.

A

Tetanus

49
Q

A 5-month-old with colic was given her pacifier dipped in honey to ease her crying and is now having difficulty sucking, is ‘floppy’, and has labored breathing.

A

Botulism

50
Q

A woman gives birth to an infant with severe liver damage and hydrocephalus. She owns several cats.

A

Toxoplasmosis

51
Q

A 68-year-old woman was bitten several times by mosquitoes while gardening and now has a fever, neck stiffness, and a severe headache

A

Encephalitis

52
Q

Slow, progressive zoonotic viral disease characterized by fatal encephalitis and with hydrophobia as a symptom

A

Rabies

53
Q

Acute enteroviral infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis

A

Poliomyelitis

54
Q

A neuromuscular disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium that produces a powerful neurotoxin that leads to spastic paralysis

A

tetanus

55
Q

An intoxication, associated with eating poorly preserved foods, which results in flaccid paralysis

A

Botulism

56
Q

A telephone advice RN receives a phone call from a 75-year-old male who

Which of the following diseases is the greatest risk to the patient, considering the mechanism of injury?

A

Rabies

57
Q

A telephone advice RN receives a phone call from a 75-year-old male who

The RN advises the patient to seek medical attention ______.

A

immediately

58
Q

A telephone advice RN receives a phone call from a 75-year-old male who

If the patient is diagnosed with this infectious disease, the RN anticipates that treatment of the patient will include which of the following?

A

All of these would be treatments.

59
Q

A telephone advice RN receives a phone call from a 75-year-old male who

.The RN advises the patient that without treatment, he is at risk of which of the following?

A

Fatal encephalitis

60
Q

An RN is leading a public health education program about the West Nile v

What is the most common mode of transmission for West Nile virus?

A

Arthropod bites

61
Q

An RN is leading a public health education program about the West Nile v

The RN educates the community about symptoms of West Nile infection. Which of the following are initial symptoms of infection?

A

Fever, body aches, and rash

62
Q

An RN is leading a public health education program about the West Nile v

Which of the following is the most important topic of education regarding prevention of West Nile infection?

A

Insect control

63
Q

An RN is leading a public health education program about the West Nile v

Which of the following methods of vector control should be emphasized in the community education program?

A

All of the choices are correct.

64
Q

An 18-month-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit wi

Based on the patient’s clinical presentation, which of the following is the most accurate differential diagnosis(es)?

A

Viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis

65
Q

An 18-month-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit wi

What may the RN expect to be ordered immediately in the case of a patient with this differential diagnosis?

A

All the choices are correct

66
Q

An 18-month-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit wi

The RN ensures that chemotherapy begins as soon as possible. What is the initial drug the RN anticipates to be ordered for this patient?

A

Penicillin G

67
Q

An 18-month-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit wi

What is the most common bacterial cause of this disease in children younger than 2 years of age?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

68
Q

An 18-month-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit wi

What of the following describe the type of cells the RN would expect to be found upon staining of a specimen from a patient with this disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Gram-negative cocci

micro final (7 decks)

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