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micro final > chapter 18 (done) > Flashcards

chapter 18 (done) Flashcards

1
Q

_______ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream.

A

Septicemia

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2
Q

The common causative agent of acute endocarditis is ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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3
Q

Yersinia pestis ________.

A

is usually transmitted by a flea vector

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4
Q

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except ________.

A

transmitted by human feces

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5
Q

Which is not associated with tularemia?

A

A gram-positive bacterium

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6
Q

The causative agent of Lyme disease is ________.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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7
Q

Erythema migrans, a bull’s-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with ________

A

Lyme disease

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8
Q

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include ________.

A

sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly

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9
Q

Which of the following requires direct contact with infected body fluids?

A

Lassa fever

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10
Q

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

A

Yellow fever

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11
Q

Yellow fever and dengue fever are ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg?

A

Transmitted by mosquitoes

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13
Q

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as “breakbone fever” because of the severe pain in bones?

A

Dengue fever

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14
Q

The reservoir for Lassa fever is the ________.

A

rat

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15
Q

Brucellosis is ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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16
Q

Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent ________.

A

brucellosis

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17
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever ________.

A

symptoms include fever, headache, and rash

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18
Q

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48- to 72- hour episodes in a malaria patient are ________.

A

chills, fever, and sweating

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19
Q

Malaria may be prevented by ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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20
Q

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except ________.

A

a one-time vaccine provides lifelong immunity

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21
Q

Anthrax is ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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22
Q

A common cardiovascular/lymph system disease in AIDS patients is ________.

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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23
Q

Retroviruses have the following characteristics except ________.

A

DNA genome

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24
Q

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except they ________.

A

have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States

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25
Q

Documented transmission of HIV involves ________.

A

unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products

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26
Q

All of the following pertain to HIV except ________.

A

ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens

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27
Q

Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?

A

Protease inhibitors

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28
Q

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is ________.

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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29
Q

Nowadays, HIV is more of a chronic disease than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s. In addition to lifesaving medications, education and testing has also lowered the number of new cases annually. This means that in general ________

A

incidence is decreasing and prevalence is increasing

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30
Q

In anthrax, Bacillus anthracis gains access to the bloodstream where it multiplies in large numbers resulting in death from an overwhelming _______

A

septicemia

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31
Q

A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year

What is the cause of the cyclical nature of the woman’s symptoms?

A

Her symptoms reflect the synchronous rupture of RBCs.

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32
Q

A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year

. If the medical team had the ability to perform more thorough blood tests, what would the nurse expect to find?

A

Hypoglycemia, decreased RBC count

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33
Q

A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year

Which of the following medications would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient?

A

Chloroquine

34
Q

A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year

. If pharmacological treatment is not successful, what may be the ultimate cause of death?

A

Multiorgan failure

35
Q

A nurse is volunteering with a medical team in Southeast Asia. A 35-year

The nurse provides education to the woman’s family regarding malaria prevention. All of the following are recommended, except ________.

A

washing all bedding and clothing in hot water

36
Q

A pregnant 25-year-old woman with known HIV infection presents to an obs

  1. The patient asks the nurse what the risk is of her child being HIV-positive. What is the best response by the nurse?
A

It is possible that HIV will be passed on to your child, but you can decrease the likelihood of transmission by compliance with antiretroviral therapy.

37
Q

A pregnant 25-year-old woman with known HIV infection presents to an obs

The patient states that she acquired HIV from a previous partner. What are the primary modes of HIV transmission?

A

Sexual contact and blood

38
Q

A pregnant 25-year-old woman with known HIV infection presents to an obs

What is the most successful treatment during pregnancy to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to fetus?

A

Protease inhibitors

39
Q

A pregnant 25-year-old woman with known HIV infection presents to an obs

When should the patient’s newborn baby be tested for HIV, assuming she does not breastfeed?

A

At birth and 1 month of age

40
Q

A pregnant 25-year-old woman with known HIV infection presents to an obs

The patient asks the nurse for information about preventing HIV transmission to her sexual partner. What is the best form of prevention for HIV transmission, assuming sexual abstinence is not an option?

A

Use of barrier-method contraceptive

41
Q

A 13-year-old girl with cerebral palsy is admitted to the pediatric surg

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the acute change in the patient’s status?

A

Bacterial septicemia

42
Q

A 13-year-old girl with cerebral palsy is admitted to the pediatric surg

What is the most likely cause of septicemia?

A

Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

43
Q

A 13-year-old girl with cerebral palsy is admitted to the pediatric surg

The medical team suspects that the patient has septicemia. Boluses of isotonic fluid are given and vasoactive medications are ordered to increase her blood pressure. Which of the following are the most important next interventions?

A

Respiratory support, blood cultures, and antibiotics

44
Q

A 13-year-old girl with cerebral palsy is admitted to the pediatric surg

Preliminary testing on the blood cultures reveals the presence of gram-positive cocci. Although the final organism has not been identified, which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of the patient’s septicemia?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

45
Q

A 13-year-old girl with cerebral palsy is admitted to the pediatric surg

When the final results of the blood culture return three days later, the patient is diagnosed with S. aureus septicemia. Empiric antibiotic therapy was initiated with her initial clinical decompensation. What is the next step in the patient’s treatment regimen?

A

Change antibiotic coverage as indicated by susceptibility testing

46
Q

A state senator’s assistant opens an envelope containing white powder that aerosolizes and she later develops pulmonary edema

A

Anthrax

47
Q

An IBM employee returns from a June team-building exercise in the mountains of NC, he develops flu-like symptoms followed by a rash on his wrists and ankles.

A

RMSF

48
Q

A 17-year-old boy develops a high fever, lethargy, sore throat and swollen glands, a blood count shows large atypical lymphocytes.

A

Infectious mononucleosis

49
Q

A peace corps employee on a mission trip to Rwanda returns home and develops malaise and nausea followed by recurring chills, fever and sweating.

A

Malaria

50
Q

Brucella abortus

A

Brucellosis

51
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Q fever

52
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

Cat Scratch Fever

53
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

54
Q

Symptoms include sore throat, high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and fatigue.

A

Infectious mononucleosis

55
Q

Spirochete is transmitted by hard ticks and an early symptom is a lesion that looks like a bull’s eye.

A

Lyme disease

56
Q

The bacterium is injected by the bite of a flea, enters the lymph, and is trapped in a lymph node where it results in a swollen necrotic lesion called a bubo.

A

Plague

57
Q

Bites by a vector are the most common source of infection but many cases result when the skin or eyes are inoculated through contact with infected animals such as rabbits.

A

Tularemia

58
Q

A 46-year-old male presents to a clinic reporting exposure to HIV two we

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s rash, based upon her reported history and symptoms?

A

Lyme disease

59
Q

A 46-year-old male presents to a clinic reporting exposure to HIV two we

The RN provides education for the patient regarding confirmation of the suspected diagnosis. Which of the following tests is most likely to be ordered?

A

Antibody titer

60
Q

A 46-year-old male presents to a clinic reporting exposure to HIV two we

What further symptoms can emerge if this disease is left untreated?

A

All of these choices are correct.

61
Q

A 46-year-old male presents to a clinic reporting exposure to HIV two we

Which of the following drug therapies is most effective in early treatment of this disease?

A

Doxycycline and amoxicillin

62
Q

A 46-year-old male presents to a clinic reporting exposure to HIV two we

. The patient asks the RN how she may have acquired this disease. Which of the following is the most common vector?

A

Ticks

63
Q

A 54-year-old female is admitted to the postsurgical unit following an e

.The RN is suspicious of an infection in the patient’s blood. Which of the following terms is descriptive of an infection of the bloodstream?

A

Septicemia

64
Q

A 54-year-old female is admitted to the postsurgical unit following an e

Which of the following is/are the most likely causative organism(s) for this patient’s condition?

A

Gram-negative bacteria or gram-positive bacteria

65
Q

A 54-year-old female is admitted to the postsurgical unit following an e

The physician orders blood cultures, antibiotic therapy, oxygen administration, and a fluid bolus for blood pressure support. The RN most appropriately prioritizes these tasks in which order?

A

Oxygen administration, fluid bolus, blood culture, antibiotic initiation

66
Q

A 54-year-old female is admitted to the postsurgical unit following an e

Which of the following drug therapies is ordered initially?

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotic

67
Q

A 54-year-old female is admitted to the postsurgical unit following an e

Which of the following conditions occurs if the bloodborne bacteria colonize the heart valves, causing impaired cardiac function?

A

Acute endocarditis

68
Q

What group of viruses does HIV belong to?

A

Retroviruses

69
Q

HIV, and related viruses such as HTLV, possess which unusual virally-encoded enzyme?

A

Reverse transcriptase

70
Q

Proteins that project or stick out from the envelope of HIV and attach or adsorb to host cells are called ________.

A

Spikes

71
Q

HIV attaches to host cells by binding to ________.

A

receptors

72
Q

If you look inside the core or capsid of HIV, you will find three enzymes: reverse transcriptase, integrase, and ________.

A

protease

73
Q

In order to bind to a host cell, the spikes of HIV have to attach to ________.

A

CD4 and a coreceptor

74
Q

In order to make the second strand of DNA when HIV starts replicating inside of a cell ________.

A

the original HIV RNA is broken down and its DNA copy is the template for a second DNA strand

75
Q

. The HIV proviral DNA inserted into the host cell’s DNA is used to make ________.

A

both viral genome RNA and mRNA

76
Q

. The two viral proteins inserted into the host cell membrane as the virus leaves or buds out of the cell are gp41 and ________.

A

gp120

77
Q

If you can block the effect of HIV protease, you will ________.

A

block cleavage of the HIV polyprotein into individual proteins

78
Q

Which cells possess the receptor complex for gp120, resulting in their destruction and the overall loss of immune function seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A

Helper T cells and macrophages

79
Q

The term “latent” is used to describe some of the HIV virus inside of infected host cells because ________.

A

double-stranded viral DNA (provirus) is inserted into the host DNA

80
Q

The drug AZT ___

A

inhibits the enzyme reverse transcriptase

81
Q

Chemokines appear to inhibit HIV infection by ________.

A

blocking the CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptors

micro final (7 decks)

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