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micro final > chapter 20 (done) > Flashcards

chapter 20 (done) Flashcards

1
Q

Defenses of the GI tract against pathogens include ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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2
Q

Which organ of the GI tract has a large commensal population of microorganisms?

A

Large intestine

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2
Q

The most common infectious disease in humans is ________.

A

dental caries

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2
Q

Outbreaks of which disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated drinking water?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

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3
Q

Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young adult males as a complication of ________.

A

Mumps

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3
Q

The causative organism for mumps is ________.

A

Paramyxovirus

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4
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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5
Q

Which is incorrect about shigellosis?

A

It frequently involves septicemia

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5
Q

Salmonella are ________.

A

Motile

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6
Q

Which is incorrect about Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication?

A

Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining

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6
Q

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States is ________.

A

Campylobacter

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7
Q

Which is not true of Clostridium difficile?

A

Produces “rice-water” stools

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8
Q

The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is ________.

A

water and electrolyte replacement

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8
Q

Cholera symptoms include ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a normal causative agent of food poisoning?

A

Clostridium difficile

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9
Q

“Rice-water stools” are associated with disease caused by which organism?

A

Vibrio cholerae

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10
Q

The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is ________.

A

HCV

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include ________.

A

headache, sweats, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

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11
Q

Giardiasis involves ________.

A

symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea

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11
Q

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water except ________.

A

Malaria

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q

General symptoms of helminth infection include all of the following except ________.

A

intense abdominal pain

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12
Q

Hepatitis B virus ________.\

A

All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

A

Predisposes a person for liver cancer

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12
Q

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics except ________.

A

do not exhibit drug resistance

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12
Q

Hepatitis B infection ________.

A

increases risk for hepatocellular cancer

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12
Q

Choose the statement that describes rotavirus infections to test your understanding of GI tract diseases.

A

The virus has an unusual double-stranded RNA genome.

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13
Q

An inner city medical clinic provides medical screening and basic care f

The patient asks how he could have contracted this infection. Which of the following are possible modes of hepatitis B transmission?

A

All of the choices are correct.

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14
Q

Liver flukes live in all of the following areas except the ________.

A

small intestine

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14
Q

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old girl in the pediatric intensive ca

The child’s parents ask the nurse to explain why their child has not received antibiotics. Which of the following statements are true about the use of antibiotic therapy in HUS?

A

Antibiotics are of no help and may increase the pathology

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14
Q

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old girl in the pediatric intensive ca

The child’s parents are noticeably distressed. They ask the nurse what could have been done to prevent their child from contracting this illness. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate?

A

While there are some individuals who advocate for health benefits of consuming unpasteurized milk, the risks of acquiring organisms such as pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter, among others, outweighs any benefit.

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15
Q

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the microbiome of the stomach?

A

The high acid content of the stomach prevents any microbes from colonizing the organ.

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15
Q

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old girl in the pediatric intensive ca

Why does a patient with HUS present with bloody diarrhea?

A

Shiga toxin damages the gut lining, causing it to bleed

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16
Q

Select the correct descriptions of mumps, a gastrointestinal tract disease.

A

Inflammation of the salivary glands
Humans are the only host for the virus

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16
Q

________, an increase in certain granular leukocytes, is a hallmark of helminthic infections.

A

Eosinophilia

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16
Q

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old girl in the pediatric intensive ca

What organism is the leading cause of HUS in the United States?

A

Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli

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16
Q

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old girl in the pediatric intensive ca

Which of the following clinical manifestations are diagnostic of HUS?

A

All of the choices are correct.

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16
Q

An inner city medical clinic provides medical screening and basic care f

The patient asks what treatment is available for hepatitis infections. What is the best response by the nurse?

A

There are many treatment modalities available. You should talk to our doctors right away about starting treatment.

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17
Q

An inner city medical clinic provides medical screening and basic care f

Which test(s) is (are) used to detect hepatitis B?

A

All of the choices are correct.

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17
Q

An inner city medical clinic provides medical screening and basic care f

After drawing the patient’s blood for hepatitis B testing, the healthcare worker set the needle on a counter instead of disposing of it in a sharps container. Several hours later, another healthcare worker accidentally stuck herself with the needle. How concerned should she be that she could contract hepatitis B?

A

She should be very concerned. The virus can survive several days in dried blood.

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

RNA virus transmitted by blood contact and results in liver failure

A

Salmonella Typhi

18
Q

Diarrhea containing blood and mucus from the GI tract

A

Shigella dysenteriae

19
Q

Bloody diarrhea with development of hemolytic uremic syndrome in 10% of patients

A

Escherichia coli 0157 :H7

19
Q

Most frequent cause of diarrhea resulting in watery stools, fever, vomiting, headaches, and severe abdominal pain

A

Campylobacter jejuni

19
Q

Diarrhea described as rice water stools

A

Vibrio cholerae

19
Q

Fecal-oral route of transmission and infection has no long-term consequences except in pregnant women

A

Hepatitis E virus

19
Q

Enveloped DNA virus that is transmitted by blood contact and is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatitis B virus

19
Q

RNA virus transmitted by blood contact and results in liver failure

A

Hepatitis C virus

20
Q

Cycle A, whipworm, humans are sole host

A

Trichuris trichiura

20
Q

Cycle A, pinworm, diagnosis by adhesive tape method

A

enterobius vermicularis

20
Q

Cycle C, pork tapeworm, acquired by ingestion of undercooked pork

A

Taenia solium

20
Q

Cycle C, fish tapeworm, transmitted by sushi

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

20
Q

Intestinal roundworm that can cause abdominal obstruction but many cases are actually mild or asymptomatic

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

20
Q

Hookworms that infect by penetrating the skin and result in serious intestinal symptoms

A

Nector americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

20
Q

Worm carried by dog or cat feces; can result in migration symptoms or blindness

A

Toxocara species

20
Q

A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department. His parents repor

The patient’s symptoms are most concerning for which of the following infectious organisms as the cause of acute diarrhea?
A. Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Vibrio cholerae
D. Campylobacter

A

a

21
Q

A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department. His parents repor

The RN collects the patient’s history from the parents. Which of the following statements would raise concern for the potential that the patient has been infected with shiga-toxin-producing E. coli?

A

Ingestion of undercooked hot dog at county fair

21
Q

A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department. His parents repor

The RN expects all of the following to be ordered as treatment for this patient, except ________.

A

Antibiotics

21
Q

A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department. His parents repor

Three days later, the patient is started on dialysis. Which of the following is a serious complication of the patient’s infection with the potential to cause kidney injury and renal failure?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

21
Q

When assisting with care activities for a patient with rotavirus, the RN should observe all of the following standard precautions, except ________.
donning a mask

A

donning a mask

21
Q

.The occurrence of which of the following symptoms in an 18-month-old patient would cause concern for infection with rotavirus?

A

All of these choices are correct

22
Q

The mother of an infected 18-month-old patient expresses concern that she may acquire rotavirus infection. Which of the following responses is most appropriate by the RN?

A

Adults may acquire rotavirus infection, but symptoms are generally mild.

22
Q

What treatment would the RN anticipate to be ordered for an infected 18-month-old patient?

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

23
Q

What organ is primarily affected by hepatitis B infection?

A

Liver

24
Q

Which of the following patients would be most at risk for acquiring hepatitis B virus?

A

36-year-old female using multiple IV drugs

24
Q

The RN educates her patient population that the primary method of prevention for hepatitis B infection is _______.

A

vaccination

24
Q

. Initial serological testing for a patient with recent exposure to hepatitis B may detect which of the following?

A

Virus antigen

25
Q

The RN provides education for patients regarding the potential complications caused by the hepatitis B virus. Which of the following are life-threatening complications of hepatitis B infection?

A

All of these choices are correct.

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micro final (7 decks)

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