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micro final > chapter 19 (done) > Flashcards

chapter 19 (done) Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?

A

IgA

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2
Q

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

A

Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct.

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3
Q

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is ________.

A

rhinovirus

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4
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

A

it is viral in origin

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4
Q

Cold viruses are transmitted by ________.

A

droplet contact and indirect contact

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4
Q

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Forms spores

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5
Q

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever are due to ________.

A

erythrogenic toxin

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5
Q

Pertussis has the following characteristics except ________.

A

the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with “whoops”

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5
Q

Rheumatic fever is caused by ________.

A

an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart

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6
Q

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except ________.

A

pertussis

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6
Q

Superantigens ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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7
Q

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

A

Coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage

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7
Q

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ________.

A

neuraminidase

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8
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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8
Q

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except ________.

A

a reservoir is human carriers

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9
Q

Influenza vaccines include all the following except ________.

A

the ability to provide lifelong immunity

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10
Q

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

A

antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis

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11
Q

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

A

All species are human pathogens

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12
Q

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n) ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________, or _________, a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

A

antigenic drift; antigenic shift

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12
Q

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of ________.

A

mononuclear cells

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13
Q

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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14
Q

When the centers of tubercles break down into _______ lesions, they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

A

necrotic caseous

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14
Q

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

A

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

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15
Q

. Legionella pneumophila ________.

A

often lives intracellularly in amoebas

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15
Q

An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper

Suspecting the patient is infected with influenza, the nurse prepares to obtain which of the following specimens for rapid testing at an external laboratory?

A

Nasal swab

15
Q

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include ________.

A

it grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings

16
Q

Assess the following statements and determine which one is incorrect regarding antigenic shift

A

The influenza virus genome mutates over time changing the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoproteins. Each encounter with a new version of the virus requires activation of naive lymphocytes rather than memory cells, which is the reason we receive a new vaccination each year.

17
Q

An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper

The rapid microbial analysis is negative for group A Streptococcus and reveals the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen. Based upon this information, all of the following microbes can be ruled out in the diagnosis except ________.

A

Influenza A

17
Q

An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient exper

The laboratory findings report that the child is infected with influenza B virus. Which of the following medications would the nurse expect to be ordered for this child?

A

Oseltamivir

17
Q

Most common cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae and results in a sensation of fullness or pain in the ear

A

Otitis media

18
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes infection that results in a sore throat with reddened mucosa, swollen tonsils, and pus nodules

A

Bacterial pharyngiti

18
Q

Caused by hundreds of viruses and results in sneezing, scratchy throat, and runny nose

A

Common cold

19
Q

Caused by a number of bacteria and results in nasal congestion, pressure above the nose or in the forehead, and headache

A

Sinusitis

19
Q

Results from a Streptococcus pyogenes strain that is infected with a toxin-coding bacteriophage and is characterized by a sandpaper-like rash

A

Scarlet fever

20
Q

Due to an immunological cross reaction between the streptococcal M protein and heart muscle

A

Rheumatic fever

20
Q

Results from streptococcal proteins forming immune complexes which are deposited on the basement membranes of the kidney

A

Glomerulonephritis

21
Q

Streptococcal toxins that act as superantigens and cause skin issues

A

Psoriasis

21
Q
A
21
Q

Caused by Bordetella; called “whooping cough”

A

Pertussis

22
Q

Viral infection characterized by giant multinucleated cells

A

RSV Infection

22
Q

Viral infection causing chills, body aches, headache, and fever

A

Influenza

22
Q

Viral infection that can cause severe respiratory distress but can also remain asymptomatic yet transmissible

A

COVID-19

22
Q

Massive production of bradykinins but dampened interferon response

A

SARS- CoV-2

23
Q

Capsule

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

23
Q

Adhesins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

24
Q

Induces inflammatory response

A

Hantavirus

25
Q

Survival in phagocytes

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

25
Q

A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor

All of the following are potential differential diagnoses that the RN may anticipate for this patient except _______.

A

otitis media

26
Q

A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor

What is the most appropriate type of isolation for this patient while awaiting the results of the bacterial and viral studies?

A

Respiratory precautions (droplet mask, gown, and gloves)

26
Q

A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor

The lab calls to notify the RN that the 12-hour growth on the respiratory bacterial culture is negative. Based upon this result, which of the following is the most likely causative organism in this otherwise healthy 5-month-old child?

A

A virus

26
Q

A 5-month-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a four day histor

The viral antigen studies come back positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The parents are anxious that their older children (ages 10 years and 12 years) may have been exposed. Which of the following statements by the RN is most appropriate regarding the susceptibility of the other children?

A

Children younger than two years of age are the most susceptible to serious disease from RSV

26
Q

A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a

Based on the initial assessment, what is the RN’s priority intervention for this patient?

A

Administration of supplemental oxygen

27
Q

A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a

The provider suspects the patient has pneumonia so respiratory specimens are sent to the lab to confirm the diagnosis. While educating the patient, which organism does the RN state is the primary cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcus

27
Q

A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a

What antibiotic does the RN expect to be ordered for this patient?

A

Cefotaxime

27
Q

A 76-year-old female with a history of emphysema, high blood pressure, a

In educating the patient about prevention of community-acquired pneumonia, all of the following are emphasized by the RN as effective methods except _______.

A

prophylactic antibiotics

28
Q

The RN advises the mother to assess the child’s oral cavity. The observation of which clinical sign would be most significant in the diagnosis of pharyngitis caused by a streptococcal organism?

A

White pockets of exudate

28
Q

Based upon the mother’s response to the appearance of the oral cavity, the RN advises the mother to seek medical attention for her child. In educating the mother about potential complications for untreated streptococcal throat infections, she indicates that all of the following are potential complications except _______.

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

29
Q

The RN advises the mother to observe for symptoms in the other children in the household. When can she expect to see symptoms emerge if the other children become infected?

A

2–5 days

29
Q

To confirm the diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment, the RN expects all of the following to be ordered except ________.

A

bed rest

30
Q

.The patient’s rapid strep A test comes back positive in 1 hour. How would the RN best communicate to the mother that the medical team may be wary of confirming the diagnosis of strep throat based upon this information alone?

A

The rapid strep test has a high risk of false-negative results.

30
Q
A
31
Q

Slow-growing bacterial infection that is transmissible only when active

A

Tuberculosis

micro final (7 decks)

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