micro exam 1 ( done) Flashcards
An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a
NCLEX Even though it is a bacterium, Clostridium botulinum can be made more pathogenic once infected with a(n) _______.
Bacteriophage
An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a
The RN anticipates that the priority intervention for this patient’s care will be ________.
airway support
An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a
.Which of the following statements best explains how a bacteriophage can impair human health?
Toxins or enzymes are produced by the infected bacterial pathogen that cause pathology in humans.
.Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
.Viral spikes ________.
protrude from the envelope
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
Tetrad
Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells?
Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells.
Oncoviruses include all the following except ________.
measles virus
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is ________.
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female
NCLEX The patient asks the RN how she contracted this viral infection since she has not come in contact with anyone with anyone infected with shingles. Which of the following statements is an appropriate response?
Varicella zoster virus can hide from the immune system within nerve cells.
An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female
NCLEX Viruses contain the necessary tools to invade and control a host cell. These tools may consist of a ________.
capsid or envelope, nucleic acid strands of DNA or RNA, and enzymes
An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female
NCLEX The viral genome is carried by _____.
either DNA or RNA but not both
An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female
NCLEX Which of the following is the priority intervention to prevent the spread of shingles to other residents of the facility?
Perform wound care twice a day.
A patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer develops an infection with cytomegalovirus, conclusively diagnosed by the presence of “owl’s eye” viral nuclear inclusions in a liver biopsy. This is an example of a(n) ________.
cytopathic effect by cytomegalovirus
A naked virus has only a(n) _____.
Nucleocapsid
Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic?
Glutaraldehyde
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
Inclusions
The development of antiviral drug therapy is difficult because ________.
viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the host cell can be harmed by the drug
Viruses with _______ -sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _______ -sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message
positive; negative
A superinfection results from _______.
decrease in the microbiota with overgrowth of an unaffected species
Which of the following is a scientific name?
Streptococcus pyogenes
If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells.
Staphylococcus
.Sulfonamides _______.
block folic acid synthesis
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
Pathogens
Select the diseases caused by a virus
Covid 19
herpes
influenza
Chicken pox
Measles
warts
Infectious protein particles are called _______
Prions
.The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of _______.
Antisepsis
.T-even phages ________.
infect Escherichia coli cells
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?
Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
Sterilization is achieved by ________.
steam autoclave
A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev
NCLEXThe specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev
NCLEX Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a colorless ring around each of the spherical cells against a dark background. This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s)?
A capsule
A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The
NCLEX To reduce the patient’s risk of infection, the RN assists the physician with applying all of the following prior to the procedure except ______.
clean gown
A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The
NCLEX .Prior to placement of the central venous line, the patient’s skin is scrubbed with chlorhexidine. Which of the following microorganisms are targeted by this chemical agent?
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi
A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The
NCLEX .If chlorhexidine is unavailable for the procedure, which of the following chemical agents would also be appropriate as a topical antiseptic?
2% iodine
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
move in response to a chemical
A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The
NCLEX .Following successful placement of the central venous line, the RN is diligent to prevent infection when accessing the catheter and administering medications. Which of the following actions should be completed prior to use of the line?
Hand washing, application of gloves, and disinfection of the access port with alcohol should all be completed prior to use of the line.
An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar
NCLEX Following the teaching to patients and families, the RN assesses understanding prior to obtaining consent. Which of the following demonstrates a lack of understanding by the patient?
Probiotics are nutrients to encourage microbe growth.
An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar
NCLEX Which of the following is an example of a probiotic?
Yogurt
An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar
NCLEX .The RN conducting the research study most appropriately hypothesizes that probiotics may alleviate which of the following side effects of antimicrobial therapy?
Diarrhea
Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare
NCLEX Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly represented as _____.
Staphylococcus
Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare
NCLEX Wanda is receptive to the nurse’s teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-necked flasks, he disproved the concept of ________.
spontaneous generation
Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare
Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms best represents this technique?
Asepsis
Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare
NCLEX Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are ________.
noncellular particles
The function of bacterial endospores is ________.
protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed _______.
Antisepsis
The antifungal drug that can be injected to treat serious systemic fungal infections, like histoplasmosis, is ________.
amphotericin B
