micro exam 1 ( done)

Question 1

Question 2

An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a

NCLEX Even though it is a bacterium, Clostridium botulinum can be made more pathogenic once infected with a(n) _______.

Answer 2

Bacteriophage

Question 3

An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a

The RN anticipates that the priority intervention for this patient’s care will be ________.

Answer 3

airway support

Question 4

An RN in a pediatric emergency department performs a triage patient on a

.Which of the following statements best explains how a bacteriophage can impair human health?

Answer 4

Toxins or enzymes are produced by the infected bacterial pathogen that cause pathology in humans.

Question 5

.Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

Answer 5

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question 6

.Viral spikes ________.

Answer 6

protrude from the envelope

Question 7

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Answer 7

Tetrad

Question 8

Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells?

Answer 8

Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells.

Question 9

Oncoviruses include all the following except ________.

Answer 9

measles virus

Question 10

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is ________.

Answer 10

a spongiform encephalopathy of humans

Question 11

An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female

NCLEX The patient asks the RN how she contracted this viral infection since she has not come in contact with anyone with anyone infected with shingles. Which of the following statements is an appropriate response?

Answer 11

Varicella zoster virus can hide from the immune system within nerve cells.

Question 12

An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female

NCLEX Viruses contain the necessary tools to invade and control a host cell. These tools may consist of a ________.

Answer 12

capsid or envelope, nucleic acid strands of DNA or RNA, and enzymes

Question 13

An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female

NCLEX The viral genome is carried by _____.

Answer 13

either DNA or RNA but not both

Question 14

An RN is in a long-term care facility is caring for a 79-year-old female

NCLEX Which of the following is the priority intervention to prevent the spread of shingles to other residents of the facility?

Answer 14

Perform wound care twice a day.

Question 15

A patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer develops an infection with cytomegalovirus, conclusively diagnosed by the presence of “owl’s eye” viral nuclear inclusions in a liver biopsy. This is an example of a(n) ________.

Answer 15

cytopathic effect by cytomegalovirus

Question 16

A naked virus has only a(n) _____.

Answer 16

Nucleocapsid

Question 17

Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic?

Answer 17

Glutaraldehyde

Question 18

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

Answer 18

Inclusions

Question 19

The development of antiviral drug therapy is difficult because ________.

Answer 19

viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the host cell can be harmed by the drug

Question 20

Viruses with _______ -sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _______ -sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message

Answer 20

positive; negative

Question 21

A superinfection results from _______.

Answer 21

decrease in the microbiota with overgrowth of an unaffected species

Question 22

Which of the following is a scientific name?

Answer 22

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 23

If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells.

Answer 23

Staphylococcus

Question 24

.Sulfonamides _______.

Answer 24

block folic acid synthesis

Question 25

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

Answer 25

Pathogens

Question 26

Select the diseases caused by a virus

Answer 26

Covid 19
herpes
influenza
Chicken pox
Measles
warts

Question 27

Infectious protein particles are called _______

Answer 27

Prions

Question 28

.The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of _______.

Answer 28

Antisepsis

Question 29

.T-even phages ________.

Answer 29

infect Escherichia coli cells

Question 30

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?

Answer 30

Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host

Question 31

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Answer 31

It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Question 32

Sterilization is achieved by ________.

Answer 32

steam autoclave

Question 33

Question 34

A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev

NCLEXThe specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient?

Answer 34

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 35

A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev

NCLEX Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a colorless ring around each of the spherical cells against a dark background. This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s)?

Answer 35

A capsule

Question 36

A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The

NCLEX To reduce the patient’s risk of infection, the RN assists the physician with applying all of the following prior to the procedure except ______.

Answer 36

clean gown

Question 37

A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The

NCLEX .Prior to placement of the central venous line, the patient’s skin is scrubbed with chlorhexidine. Which of the following microorganisms are targeted by this chemical agent?

Answer 37

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 38

A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The

NCLEX .If chlorhexidine is unavailable for the procedure, which of the following chemical agents would also be appropriate as a topical antiseptic?

Answer 38

2% iodine

Question 39

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

Answer 39

move in response to a chemical

Question 40

A 13-year-old male is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The

NCLEX .Following successful placement of the central venous line, the RN is diligent to prevent infection when accessing the catheter and administering medications. Which of the following actions should be completed prior to use of the line?

Answer 40

Hand washing, application of gloves, and disinfection of the access port with alcohol should all be completed prior to use of the line.

Question 41

An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar

NCLEX Following the teaching to patients and families, the RN assesses understanding prior to obtaining consent. Which of the following demonstrates a lack of understanding by the patient?

Answer 41

Probiotics are nutrients to encourage microbe growth.

Question 42

An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar

NCLEX Which of the following is an example of a probiotic?

Answer 42

Yogurt

Question 43

An RN in a medical intensive care unit is leading a research study regar

NCLEX .The RN conducting the research study most appropriately hypothesizes that probiotics may alleviate which of the following side effects of antimicrobial therapy?

Answer 43

Diarrhea

Question 44

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

NCLEX Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly represented as _____.

Answer 44

Staphylococcus

Question 45

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

NCLEX Wanda is receptive to the nurse’s teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-necked flasks, he disproved the concept of ________.

Answer 45

spontaneous generation

Question 46

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms best represents this technique?

Answer 46

Asepsis

Question 47

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

NCLEX Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are ________.

Answer 47

noncellular particles

Question 48

The function of bacterial endospores is ________.

Answer 48

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

Question 49

The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed _______.

Answer 49

Antisepsis

Question 50

The antifungal drug that can be injected to treat serious systemic fungal infections, like histoplasmosis, is ________.

Answer 50

amphotericin B