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micro final > chapter 21 (done) > Flashcards

chapter 21 (done) Flashcards

1
Q

Lactobacillus in the female reproductive tract ________.

A

is protective

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2
Q

The most common causative agent of urinary tract infections is ________.

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q

All of the following are signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections except ________.

A

Diarrhea

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4
Q

Infection of the urinary bladder is called ________.

A

Cystitis

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5
Q

Leptospirosis ________.

A

can be contracted from the environment

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6
Q

The most common cause of vaginitis is ________.

A

Candida albicans

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7
Q

Candida albicans is a ________.

A

Fungus

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8
Q

Which of the following is not true of prostatitis?

A

The specific agent is easy to determine

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9
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease results from infection of the ________.

A

Both fallopian tubes and ovaries are correct.

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10
Q

The leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease is ________.

A

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q

The most common reported STD in the United States is ________.

A

Chlamydia

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13
Q

The chancre of syphilis ________.

A

develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated, central crater

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14
Q

The secondary stage of syphilis ________.

A

is a time when the pathogen enters and multiplies in the blood

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15
Q

During which stage of syphilis does fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red to brown rash occur?

A

Secondary

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16
Q

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?

A

Tertiary

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17
Q

The latency period of syphilis can last up to ________.

A

20 years or more

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18
Q

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A

Interferon

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19
Q

Chancroid ________.

A

is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

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20
Q

Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) causes ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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21
Q

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex 1 is ________.

A

Encephalitis

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22
Q

Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection?

A

Neonates

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23
Q

Even after a positive test for a microbial cause, prostatitis is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Why?

A

Mixed biofilms are hard to kill

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24
Q

Which of the following are characteristics that can be utilized to distinguish between vaginitis and vaginosis?

A

All of the choices are correct

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25
Q

Evaluate the following statements and determine which is incorrect regarding the development of genital warts.

A

Warts caused by human papillomavirus can be inconspicuous, whereas warts caused by the poxvirus are large and unsightly, a condition called condyloma acuminata.

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26
Q

Evaluate the statements below and determine which one is incorrect regarding the HPV vaccine.

A

Only females have a cervix so it is not necessary to vaccinate males against HPV since they cannot develop cervical cancer.

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27
Q

Colonization of pregnant females by Group B Streptococcus puts the neonate at risk because ________.

A

All of the choices are correct.

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28
Q

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 23-year-old female w

Based on the patient’s clinical presentation, which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

A

Cystitis

29
Q

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 23-year-old female w

What findings on urinalysis would be consistent with cystitis?

A

Presence of WBCs

30
Q

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 23-year-old female w

The nurse provides education for the patient prior to discharge. She is instructed to seek care for which of the following symptoms?

A

High fever and low back pain

31
Q

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 23-year-old female w

The medical provider prescribes an antibiotic regimen. The patient asks the nurse if antibiotics are necessary if she increases her intake of cranberry tablets. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A

It is important to complete a course of antibiotics to prevent this infection from becoming more serious.

32
Q

A 20-year-old male college student presents to the campus health clinic.

Based on the patient’s clinical presentation and history alone, how could the nurse have distinguished gonorrhea from chlamydia?

A

Gonorrhea and chlamydia mimic each other in presentation.

33
Q

A 20-year-old male college student presents to the campus health clinic.

Which antibiotic(s) does the nurse anticipate will be ordered to treat the patient?

A

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

34
Q

A 20-year-old male college student presents to the campus health clinic.

The nurse provides education about prevention of future gonorrheal infection. Which of the following topics would be included in the teaching?

A

Always use a condom for sexual contact

35
Q

A 20-year-old male college student presents to the campus health clinic.

The patient asks the nurse to keep his diagnosis confidential. What is the nurse’s best response?

A

I am required by law to contact the health department, and you should notify any recent sexual partners.

36
Q

A 21-year-old college student presents to the university campus clinic.

Based upon the assessment of the lesion, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Primary syphilis

37
Q

A 21-year-old college student presents to the university campus clinic.

How would the diagnosis of syphilis be confirmed?

A

All of these tests can be used in diagnosis

38
Q

A 21-year-old college student presents to the university campus clinic.

The physician in the clinic wrote a prescription for acyclovir when the student called him on the phone that morning. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?

A

Call the physician, report the assessment findings, and suggest a prescription for penicillin G

39
Q

A 21-year-old college student presents to the university campus clinic.

The student states, “My friend had syphilis, but the lesion healed without antibiotics. Do I really need to take medications?” What is the best response by the nurse?

A

The lesion will heal on its own, but latent syphilis will cause serious disease later on and must be treated.

40
Q

Which of the following is not a defense of the genitourinary tract?

A

IgG

41
Q

Select all that apply

A

Syphilis experienced the largest increase since 2014, but Chlamydia is still the most prevalent bacterial STI in the United States.
Groups most at risk for STIs include: adolescents and young adults, men that have sex with men, and pregnant women.
If you have an STI, you are more likely to contract HIV.

42
Q

Select all that apply

A

Gonorrhea used to be more common in women than men, but now the opposite is true.
For almost 20 years (2001-2017), Chlamydia has been more common in women.
The rates of gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections have been rising in the 21st century.

43
Q

Genital Discharge Diseases

A

Gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonnhoeae
Chlamydydia caused by trachomatis

Infection involves the phagocytosis of elementary bodies

(babys eyes)

44
Q

Genital Ulcer Diseases

A

Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum
Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
Herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2
( cigarette burn)

45
Q

Wart Diseases

A

HPV caused by oncogenioc human papillomaviruses
Molluscum contagiosum caused by MCV, a poxvirus

46
Q
A
47
Q

Syphilis

A

Three stages if untreated
Swollen tumors called gummas
Treponema pallidum
Hard chancres appear first

48
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi
Treated with ceftriaxone
No effect on fetus

49
Q

herpes

A

Treated with acyclovir
Disease is uncurable
Becomes latent in cells

50
Q
A
51
Q

Caustive agent of the most common bacterial forms of cystitis and pyelonephritis

A

Escherichia coli

52
Q

Another common cause of UTIs, but vancomycin-resistant forms of this agent are listed in the Serious Threat category

A

Enterococcus

53
Q

Bacterium that causes a very small percentage of community UTIs and catheter-associated UTIs

A

Stapylococcus saprophyticus

54
Q

Spirochete bacterium shed in the urine of infected animals

A

Leptospira interrogans

55
Q

A patient reports frequent urges to urinate and burning pain with urinat

Which of the following is the most common causative organism for urinary tract infections?

A

Escherichia coli

56
Q

A patient reports frequent urges to urinate and burning pain with urinat

The RN anticipates that any of these antibiotics may be ordered for treatment, except ________.

A

vancomycin

57
Q

A patient reports frequent urges to urinate and burning pain with urinat

The physician orders phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for the patient. Which of the following should be included in the teaching by the RN?

A

All of these choices are correct.

58
Q

A patient reports frequent urges to urinate and burning pain with urinat

.The patient develops a high fever and flank pain. What complication may this indicate?

A

Pyelonephritis

59
Q

A RN at a high school is teaching a health education course about sexual

Which of the following are possible symptoms of gonorrhea in males?

A

Painful urination and yellowish discharge or no symptoms

60
Q

A RN at a high school is teaching a health education course about sexual

Which of the following are possible symptoms of gonorrhea in females?

A

All of these choices are correct.

61
Q

A RN at a high school is teaching a health education course about sexual

All of the following are potential complications of gonorrhea, except ________.

A

spontaneous abortion

62
Q

A RN at a high school is teaching a health education course about sexual

Which of the following statements by a student demonstrates a proper understanding of gonorrhea transmission?

A

If I am infected with gonorrhea and have no symptoms, I can still pass the disease to others

63
Q

A RN at a high school is teaching a health education course about sexual

Which of the following is an effective form of gonorrhea prevention?

A

Use of condoms and abstinence

64
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents to a women’s health clinic for an annual ex

Which of the following is used for initial detection of C. trachomatis?

A

PCR or ELISA

65
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents to a women’s health clinic for an annual ex

The patient asks the RN how she could have acquired the infection without noticeable symptoms. What is the most appropriate response by the RN?

A

The vast majority of people infected with Chlamydia do not have symptoms.

66
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents to a women’s health clinic for an annual ex

.Which antibiotic is prescribed for treatment of Chlamydia infection?

A

Azithromycin

67
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents to a women’s health clinic for an annual ex

All of the following are important points of education by the RN, except ________.

A

requirement of the patient to report Chlamydia infection to the CDC

68
Q

A 32-year-old woman presents to a women’s health clinic for an annual ex

All of the following are potential complications of untreated Chlamydia infection, except ________.

A

spontaneous abortion

micro final (7 decks)

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