Micro CH 6

Question 1

Molecules Nurtitional Requirements

Answer 1

Phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfer, carbon, vitamins, and minerals

Question 2

Compounds that make up prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)

Question 3

The cell membrane transports

Answer 3

Active transport- Requires energy, Carrier mediated active transport- Molecules and atoms pumped inside and out of the cells from specialized receptors

Passive transport- No energy required

Molecules and atoms set in random motion (simple diffusion)

Molecules are bound to specialized cell receptors in the membrane and are carried to the other side

Question 4

Concentration gradient

Answer 4

The concentration of a substance between two areas. Molecules move from high to low concentration in passive transport.

Question 5

Hypertonic Vs Hypotonic Environment

Answer 5

Hypertonic- Higher solute concentration outside. Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.

Hypotonic- Lower solute concentration outside. Water enters the cell, causing it to swell and burst.

Question 6

Role of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase

Answer 6

Catalase- Converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water

Superoxide Dismutase- An enzyme that converts seproxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

Question 7

Growth Curve Phases

Answer 7

Exponential (Log) Phase- Rapid growth. Cell population increase.
Lag phase- Adjustment period. No growth.
Statonary Phase- Growth slows down. Nutrients decrease
Death phase- The cell dies off because of lack of resources.

Question 8

Types of host relationships with Microbes

Answer 8

Parasitic- A relationship between two organisms where the host is harmed in some way, but the colonizer benefits

Commensal- An unequal relationship in which one species benefits while the other is unharmed

Mutualism- Organisms that are living in an unintended but mutually beneficial relationship

Question 9

Facultative

Answer 9

Organisms that can live and grow in differing conditions. Facultative microorganisms can live in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

Question 10

Generation Time

Answer 10

-The time it takes for one complete fission cycle-from one parent cell to two daughter cells

• The length of the generation depends on the measure of the growth rate of an organism

-The average generation time is 30-60 minutes

Question 11

Oxygen Toxicity and Categories

Answer 11

Oxygen toxicity occurs when the oxygen level is too high, producing harmful reactive oxygen species that can damage the cells

Obligate Anaerobes- Cannot live in oxygen (oxygen free)
Obligate Aerobes- Need oxygen to survive, use oxygen for energy
Facultative Anaerobes- Can grow in both oxygen and non-oxygen environments
Microaerophiles- Need only a little oxygen (prefer a small amount)
Arotolerant Aerobes- Tolerate oxygen but do not use it (anaerobic process)