Mgue + Irons 2013 Flashcards
Etiology
The study of the causes and origins of diseases or disorders, including factors contributing to the development of addiction.
Genetic Predisposition
The inherited genetic traits that may increase an individual’s likelihood of developing addiction.
Environmental Factors
External influences such as social environment, stress, and family dynamics that can contribute to addiction.
Gene-Environment Interaction
The process by which genetic predispositions and environmental factors interact to influence the development of addiction.
Heritability
The proportion of observed variation in a trait, such as addiction, that can be attributed to genetic differences.
Twin Studies
Research studies that compare rates of addiction between identical and fraternal twins to estimate genetic and environmental contributions.
Neuroplasticity
The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, which can play a role in addiction development and recovery.
Shared Environment
Environmental influences shared by family members that contribute to similarities in addiction behavior.
Nonshared Environment
Unique environmental factors experienced by an individual that contribute to differences in addiction behavior, even among family members.
Passive Gene-Environment Correlation
When parents provide both genetic material and an environment that aligns with their own genetic tendencies, influencing the child’s addiction risk.
Active Gene-Environment Correlation
When an individual’s genetic tendencies influence their choice of environments, such as seeking out substance-using peers.
Reward System
Brain circuits involved in pleasure and reinforcement, heavily implicated in addiction through dopamine regulation.
Tolerance
A neuroadaptive process where increasing amounts of a substance are required to achieve the same effect.
Withdrawal
Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance they are dependent on.
Adoption Studies
Studies that compare the addiction risk of adopted individuals to their biological and adoptive families to isolate genetic influences.
Longitudinal Studies
Research tracking individuals over time to observe the progression and factors influencing addiction development.
Resilience
The ability to adapt and remain addiction-free despite genetic or environmental risks.
Social Support
Relationships and community connections that provide emotional, practical, and protective benefits against addiction.
