Lecture Week 1 Flashcards
What is addiction?
Something done regularly, habitually, or repeatedly with a compulsive quality that is partially out of one’s control.
Does addiction only refer to drugs?
No, though drugs are the most common association, addiction can refer to many behaviors.
Why has the term ‘addiction’ lost meaning in popular culture?
It is used to describe so many behaviors that it has almost lost its meaning.
How is addiction defined scientifically?
It is defined using a diagnosis based on a pattern of signs and symptoms.
Is ‘addiction’ a medical diagnosis?
No, it is an umbrella term describing various behaviors and clinical presentations.
How has the concept of addiction evolved?
Prior to 1849, alcoholism was not recognized; addiction was later categorized using diagnostic criteria.
How did DSM-I classify addiction?
Grouped alcoholism and drug addiction with sociopathic personality disturbances.
What major change did DSM-II introduce?
Introduced different types of alcoholism, influenced by the Disease Concept of Alcoholism by E.M. Jellinek.
How did DSM-III define substance abuse and dependence?
Substance abuse involved social or occupational impairment, while dependence included physiological symptoms like tolerance and withdrawal.
What are tolerance and withdrawal?
Tolerance is needing higher doses for the same effect; withdrawal is physiological changes after stopping use.
What was Griffith Edwards’ contribution to addiction research?
Shifted focus from strictly physiological symptoms to a behavioral syndrome with psychological and physiological elements.
What did Brady and Lucas (1984) demonstrate?
Animals can be trained to self-administer psychoactive drugs and will expend effort to do so.
How did DSM-IV categorize substance use disorders?
Separated dependence (compulsive use) from abuse (problematic use without compulsive elements).
What major change did DSM-V introduce?
Removed distinction between abuse and dependence, replacing it with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) with degrees of severity.
What are the severity levels for Alcohol Use Disorder?
Mild (2-3 symptoms), Moderate (4-5 symptoms), Severe (6+ symptoms).
What is at-risk drinking according to NIAA?
For men: more than 4 drinks/day or 14/week; For women: more than 3 drinks/day or 7/week.
What is binge alcohol use?
Drinking 5+ drinks (males) or 4+ drinks (females) in one sitting within 30 days.
What is heavy alcohol use?
Binge drinking on 5 or more days in the past 30 days.
How do we measure substance use?
Using surveys, diagnostic criteria, and tracking consumption patterns.
Why is measuring drug use difficult?
People may not be forthcoming, and it is difficult to quantify potency and quantity.
What is the gender difference in substance use?
Men use more alcohol and illicit drugs; women misuse prescription tranquilizers/sedatives slightly more.
How is Substance Use Disorder diagnosed?
Meeting at least 2 DSM-V criteria within the past year.
What is co-morbid substance use disorder?
When an individual meets criteria for multiple substance use disorders at the same time.
