Methods

Question 1

What is an experiment?

Answer 1

A scientific procedure aimed at testing a hypothesis. Entails Isolation of the IV from all other potential causes of DV either through lab manipulation or random assignment

Question 2

Cook and Campbell (1979)

Answer 2

3 types of validity:
Internal- Confidence of drawing cause-effect conclusions
External- extent of phenomenon generalizing to other settings (cultures/people/time)
Construct- Correct identification of the nature of the IV, DV, and their underlying relationship

Question 3

What is significance level alpha?

Answer 3

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 4

Difference between type I and type II errors?

Answer 4

Type I Error is when you report your findings as significant when they are not

Type II error is when a researcher concludes a ns effect when it truly is significant

Question 5

What is mediation? Moderation? How are they tested?

Answer 5

Moderator (AKA interaction) either activate or inhibit a causal process. The causal effect is stronger for one group. Tested by regressing DV on the product of a predictor and moderation variable

Mediation - variation in x creates variation in M which in turn creates variation in Y

Question 6

What is statistical significance?

Answer 6

refers to whether a result is likely due to chance or to your factor of interest

Question 7

Wilson, Aronson, and Carlsmith (2010)

Answer 7

Handbook chapter on laboratory experiments

Advantages – most important advantage is randomization across conditions. It isolates IV and cancels out extraneous effects

Disadvantages - artificial/unrealistic settings

4 stages of lab experiments- setting the stage, constructing the IV, measuring DV, post-experimental followup

Question 8

Judd and Kenny (2010)

Answer 8

Handbook chapter on analysis issues in SP in relation to mediation/moderation; MLM; missing data; invariance

Question 9

Baron and Kenny (1986)

Answer 9

4 step approach to mediation

Question 10

Hayes (2017)

Answer 10

Book on anything related to mediation/moderation/conditional process analysis (mediated moderation or moderation mediation)

Question 11

O’Brien (1993)

Answer 11

focus groups can better inform words/phrases of questionnaire, assist in recruitment, inform hypotheses, constructs, and lend credibility to the researcher

Question 12

Fazio and Olson (2003)

Answer 12

Covers implicit measures, response latency, IAT

Question 13

Stein and Mankowski (2004)

Answer 13

Qualitative research consists of 4 steps: asking (identifying people to study), witnessing (listening/being present), interpreting, knowing (creating publicly available representations of knowledge)

Question 14

Schwarz, Groves, and Schuman (1998)

Answer 14

survey methods/procedures and common issues of in-person, telephone, mail methods

Question 15

Reis and Gosling (2010)

Answer 15

Handbook chapter on methods for conducting research outside the lab. discussed field experimentation, internet methods, diary methods, trace measures

Advantages of field experiments- maximize external reliability; observe phenomena naturally; Ps not aware they are being studied

Question 16

Fine and Elsbach (2000)

Answer 16

Makes the argument that SP should revive efforts to build theory on qualitative dat in the field in conjunction with quantitative data in the lab. Qual data could further complement the full-cycle model and lead to theories that are simple, accurate, and generalizable.

Question 17

Shadish and Cook (2009)

Answer 17

A guide to field experiments. 4 types of quasi-experimental designs:
randomized experiments

regression-discontinuity - uses cutoff score on a measure to assign to experimental/control group

time series - measures a single unit over consecutive times on the same outcome variable

nonrandomized w/ nonequivalent comparison group - approximate answers from randomized designs through matching on stable covariates

Question 18

Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, and Banaji (2009)

Answer 18

Meta on predictive validity on IAT. IAT has good predictive validity. explicit measures better at predicting Bx unless socially sensitive. Implicit measures better at measuring Socially sensitive topics