Applications of Social Psychology Flashcards
Pietromonaco and Collins (2017)
Evaluates research on close relationships processes relevant to health. social connection and social disconnection broadly shape biological responses and behaviors which in turn, influence health outcomes
Interpersonal processes (social connection/social disconnection)>Intrapersonal processes (psychosocial, biological, health/lifestyle pathways)>Long term outcomes (psychological well being, health/disease outcomes)
Schwartz (2004)
Discusses the tyranny of choice and asserts that abundant choice often makes for misery. Increased choice and affluence is associated with decreased well-being. As societies grow wealthier and people are freer to do whatever they want, they get less happy. Distinguishes between maximizers (those who always aim to make the best possible choice) and satisficers (those who aim for good enough)
Penner et al. (2010)
Medical interactions between Black patients and nonBlack physicians are usually less positive and productive than same-race interactions. Field study examined the role of physician explicit/implicit biases on shaping physician and patient reactions in racially discordant medical interactions. Black patients had less positive reactions to medical interactions with physicians low in explicit but high implicit bias (Aversive racists) compared to interactions with physicians who were either low in both explicit/implicit bias or high in explicit/implicit bias.
Eberhardt, Davies, Purdie-Vaughns, and Johnson (2006)
Examined whether likelihood of being sentenced to death is influenced by the degree to which a Black defendant is perceived to have a stereotypically Black appearance (skin tone, nose, hair texture, lips). Found that in cases involving a White victim, the more stereotypically Black a defendant is perceived to be, the more likely that person is sentenced to death. Black stereotypic features also translate to longer sentences among Black Americans
Kahn & Martin (2016)
Discusses the topic of policing and race as it relates to disparate treatment, perceptions and policy responses. argues that effective policies must address both the
perception of and actual biased policing.
recommend the following to improve equitable police outcomes: cautiously adopt body-cam programs; increased police training on racial bias/social identity threats; Congress passing the end racial profiling act (resulting in data collection); increase police-academic research partnerships aimed at reducing bias in policing.
Taylor (2010)
Handbook chapter on health psychology. Focuses on health behaviors, stress and coping, and social support
Important health habits include sleeping 7-8 hours/night, abstaining from smoking, no more than 2 drinks per day, regular exercise, not being >10% overweight, and practicing sun protection. Health habits are notoriously difficult to modify as habits are ingrained early in life and are resistant to change
whether a person practices a particular health behavior can be understood by knowing 2 factors: whether the person perceives a personal health threat and whether the person believes that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing said threat
Roberson (2019)
Reviews literature on diversity in the workplace. Work needs to be done to better conceptualize diversity, improve methodologies used for exploring properties, outline theoretical approaches for explaining its effect and outcomes as it relates to the individual/organization
There have been mixed findings found between diversity and performance. Meta analyses highlight a need for additional research and to incorporate situational influences that facilitate or hinder functional relationships.
Practices in how to manage diversity - create practices for hiring diverse workforces, diverse recruiters to positively influence applicants attraction/selection decisions
Hebl, Foster, Mannix, and Dovidio (2002)
Conducted a field study examining formal and interpersonal discrimination displayed toward “homosexual” job applicants (confederates). Specifically assessed formal discrimination (job offers), and interpersonal discrimination–interpersonal behavior (length of interactions), and perceptions of bias. Found that confederates were not formally discriminated against however, prospective employers did respond in significantly more negative interpersonal discrimination. Specifically, employers were more verbally negative, spent less time with, and used fewer words with stigmatized applicants.
Crosby, Iyer, and Sincharoen (2006)
Reviews the literature on affirmative action and outlines how it operates in employment and education settings while considering points of controversy and confusion.
AA occurs whenever an organization devotes resources to making sure that people are not discriminated against on the basis of gender/ethnicity. It has the same goal as equal opportunity but differs from EO in being proactive
Arguments for AA assert that it is needed to ensure diverse student bodies and workforces, and it ensures that selection procedures and decisions are fair
Benefits of diversity - positive learning outcomes for all students (increased perspective taking), Orgs with AA just as profitable, minority alumni more likely to volunteer, report greater civic engagement
Cialdini (1997)
Discusses the disconnect between social science and larger society and provides recommendations for professionally responsible communication with the public. It is our duty to disseminate our findings to the public in a fashion that they understand
Solutions to fencing in the media - prepare information ahead of time; present materials in newspapers, magazines, and books; prepare 3-4 key points that are clear/engaging; provide interviewers with good questions
when there is no way to empirically answer the question, we should acknowledge it (crucial) and deftly answer a different question that we are qualified to answer (redirection).
