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PETROLOGY > Metamorphic Rocks > Flashcards

Metamorphic Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

A Non-foliated metamorphic rock derived from fine-grained protoliths through metamorphic aureoles.

A

Hornfels

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2
Q

Distinguishing feature of Hornfels

A

Signs of Baking and Chilling

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3
Q

A non-foliated metamorphic rock that contains >90% quartz

A

Metaquartzite or Quartzite

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4
Q

Protoliths of Metaquartzite

A

Sandstone or Chert (Quartz-rich Protoliths)

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5
Q

A non-foliated metamorphic rock derived from limestone or dolostone protoliths through dynamothermal, burial, or contact metamorphism.

A

Marble

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6
Q

Distinguishing feature of Marble

A

Effervescent and Absence of Fossils

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7
Q

A non-foliated calc-silicate metamorphic rock formed through metasomatism of carbonate metamorphic rocks.

A

Skarn

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8
Q

Other name of Skarn

A

Tactite

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9
Q

Distinguishing feature of Skarn

A

Presence of Calc-silicate minerals (such as Garnets)

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10
Q

A non-foliated rock derived from metamorphism of sedimentary or igneous breccias through dynamic/dynamothermal metamorphism.

A

Metabreccia

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11
Q

Distinguishing feature of Metabreccia

A

Mineral and Glass Matrix

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12
Q

A non-foliated cohesive metamorphic rock produced by brittle deformation in low-temperature zones through dynamic metamorphism.

A

Cataclasite

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13
Q

A non-foliated glassy metamorphic rocks that commonly occur as vein material in cataclastic rocks

A

Pseudotachylite

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14
Q

Distinguishing feature of Pseudotachylite

A

Presence of Grains

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15
Q

A non-foliated cataclastic rock formed through tremendous short-term stresses (typically through meteorite impacts)

A

Impactites

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16
Q

Distinguishing feature of Impactites

A

Chaotic fragments, Glass components, and Signs of Baking

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17
Q

A non-foliated metamorphic rock that is vitreous with conchoidal fractures formed through burial or dynamothermal metamorphism

A

Anthracite

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18
Q

A transitional metamorphic rock derived from conglomerates and contains >2mm sub-rounded clasts from burial, dynamothermal, or contact metamorphism

A

Metaconglomerate

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19
Q

Distinguishing feature of Metaconglomerate

A

Specific orientation of clasts (Imbrication)

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20
Q

Imbrication may imply what processes?

A

The rock formed along waterways with strong currents.

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21
Q

A transitional metamorphic rock that can occur either foliated or non-foliated that forms through hydrothermal alteration of ultrabasic rocks at below ~500 Celsius.

A

Serpentinite

22
Q

Serpentinite may occur with???

A

Clay Minerals

23
Q

A transitional metamorphic rock that forms through the alteration of ultrabasic rocks or Mg-rich sedimentary rocks

A

Soapstone

24
Q

Distinguishing feature of Soapstone

A

Soft and Soapy feel

25
Q

A green-colored transitional metamorphic rock rich in silicate minerals that forms low-moderate temperature (200-500 C) alteration.

A

Greenstone

26
Q

Where does Greenstone form??

A

Oceanic Crusts near Divergent Plate Boundaries

27
Q

Na-rich Basalt that can occur in greenstones

A

Spilite

28
Q

Na-rich Andesite that can occur in Greenstones

A

Keratophyre

29
Q

A foliated greenstone characterized by the abundance of green minerals

A

Greenschist

30
Q

A dark-colored transitional metamorphic rock composed largely of Amphiboles that forms through regional metamorphism of basic igneous/sedimentary rocks

A

Amphibolite

31
Q

Amphibolite derived from Basic Igneous Rocks

A

Ortho-amphibolite

32
Q

Amphibolite derived from sedimentary protoliths

A

Para-amphibolite

33
Q

A transitional metamorphic rock with medium- to coarse-granoblastic grains that forms through high temperature and pressure.

A

Granulite

34
Q

A transitional metamorphic rock produced in subduction zones, and characterized by blue minerals

A

Blueschist

35
Q

A red and green transitional metamorphic rock derived from basic protoliths that undergoes high pressure and temperature.

A

Eclogite

36
Q

What is the alias of Eclogite???

A

Christmas Rock

37
Q

A foliated, fine-grained, Al-rich, Pelitic metamorphic rock that is distinguished by its flat, planar cleavage and dull luster developed through low temperature and pressure

A

Slate

38
Q

A foliated metamorphic rock characterized by its phyllitic cleavage and glossy sheen developed by recrystallization of slate

A

Phyllite

39
Q

What causes the glossy sheen of Phyllite????

A

Sericite (fine-grained mica)

40
Q

A foliated metamorphic rock characterized by schistosity and rich in aluminosilicate minerals formed through dynamothermal metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries

A

Schist

41
Q

Distinguishing feature of Schist

A

Shiny Luster

42
Q

What causes the shiny luster of Schist???

A

Macrocrystalline Mica

43
Q

A foliated metamorphic rock with a gneissose structure that formed from lower-grade metamorphic rock and dynamothermal settings

A

Gneiss

44
Q

Gneisses that developed from Igneous Protoliths

A

Orthogneiss

45
Q

Gneisses that developed from Sedimentary Protoliths

A

Paragneiss

46
Q

A foliated “mixed” metamorphic rock that possesses textural and structural characteristics of both igneous and metamorphic rocks

A

Migmatite

47
Q

Distinguishing feature of Migmatite

A

Swirling mix of colors (Myrmekitic)

48
Q

Banded metaquartzite that contains 20-30% Iron

A

Taconite

49
Q

Deformed metamorphic rock that have their original composition, but texture largely obliterated

A

Tectonite

50
Q

A by-product glassy rock produced by the explosion during the Trinity Test

A

Trinitite

PETROLOGY (15 decks)

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