Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Non-Clastic) Flashcards
1
Q
Dominantly composed of calcareous components.
A
Carbonates
2
Q
Dominantly composed of calcareous components.
A
Carbonates
3
Q
Rock deposits that formed as precipitates from evaporation.
A
Evaporites / Evaporite Deposit
4
Q
Sedimentary rocks that are dominantly composed of silica.
A
Siliceous Deposits
5
Q
Organic-dominated rocks.
A
Organic carbonaceous rocks
6
Q
Dominantly composed of iron.
A
Ironstones
7
Q
Dominantly composed of phosphate minerals.
A
Phosphates
8
Q
Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of calcite.
A
Limestone
9
Q
Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of dolomite.
A
Dolostone
10
Q
A process where dolostone are products of diagenetic processes that converted calcite carbonates to dolomite.
A
Dolomitization
11
Q
Mud-sized carbonate particles in limestones and dolostones.
A
Micrites
12
Q
sand- to gravel-sized carbonate particles that include shells, ooids, limeclasts, and peloids.
A
Grains
13
Q
Grains are also called as
A
Allochem
14
Q
The process where micro-boring activity of blue-green, cyanophyte bacteria.
A
Micritization
15
Q
can be made up of various-sized sediments or pellets composed of carbonate minerals.
A
Clastic carbonate
16
Q
Clastic carbonates dominantly composed of ooids.
A
Oolite
17
Q
Clastic carbonates dominantly composed of pisoids.
A
Pisolite
18
Q
Carbonate rocks
with gravel-sized particles.
A
Calcirudite/Dolorudite
19
Q
Carbonate rocks with sand-sized particles.
A
Calcarenite/Dolarenite
20
Q
Carbonate rocks with mud-sized particles.
A
Calcilutite/Dololutite
21
Q
A coarse limestone made up of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments.
A
Coquina
22
Q
A soft, porous variety of limestone made up of almost entirely hard parts of microscopic marine organisms.
A
Chalk
23
Q
A type of limestone
commonly deposited in caves.
A
Travertine
24
Q
A type of limestone commonly deposited in hot springs.
A
Tufa
25
Commmon term for Stalactites, Stalagmites, and Columns
Speleothems
26
Carbonate-forming animals that include Snails
Molluscs
27
Carbonate-forming animals that include Seashells
Bivalves
28
Carbonate-forming animals that is under the Mollusca Phylum
Gastropods
29
Carbonate-forming animals that include Sea urchins
Echinoids
30
Carbonate-forming animals that include Sea Lilies
Crinoids
31
Carbonate-forming animals that are single-celled organisms composed of calcite
Foraminifera
32
Carbonate-forming animals that include Corals
Cnidaria
33
Carbonate-forming plant that is an important source of biogenic carbonates
Algae
34
Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Red Algae that encrust surfaces
Rhodophyta
35
Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Green, rod-shaped algae
Chlorophyta
36
Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Yellow-Green Algae
Nanoplankton
37
An important prehistoric Carbonate-forming organism
Cyanobacteria
38
A Phytoplankton with Calcite test
Coccolithophore
39
Non-clastic Sedimentary rock formed via precipitating solutions
Evaporites / Evaporite Deposit
40
Most commonly encountered evaporite minerals in sedimentary rocks.
Gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O)
Anhydrite (CaSO4)
41
How many percent volume of water evaporates to precipitate into Gypsum and Anhydrite?
19%
42
Precipitates as thick crystalline beds
Halite (NaCl)
43
How many percent volume of water evaporates to precipitate into Halite?
9.5%
44
Sequence of Evaporites Deposition
1. Calcite
2. Gypsum
3. Anhydrite
4. Halite
5. Sylvite
6. Carnallite
45
Non-clastic sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of silica. Forms through accumulation of siliceous skeletons
Siliceous / Siliceous Deposits
46
Enumerate the two siliceous skeletons
Diatoms (Phytoplankton) and Radiolaria (Zooplankton)
47
The siliceous skeletons occur as what?
Siliceous Ooze
48
Non-clastic sed rock made up of microcrystalline quartz
Chert
49
Black Chert
Flint
50
Red Chert
Jasper
51
Green Chert
Prase
52
Concentric Chert
Chalcedony
53
Non-clastic sedimentary rock dominantly composed of phosphate deposits that may form organically
Phosphates
54
Rocks with high concentrations of phosphates
Phosphorites
55
Calcium Phosphate mineral
Francolite
56
Fossilized Feces that is high in phosphates
Coprolite
57
Bat Shit
Guano
58
Non-clastic sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of iron
Ironstones
59
Precambrian rocks where most of iron is mined today
Banded Iron Formation (BIF)
60
Type of BIF that dominated the Archean Fe-rich sed rocks
Algoma-type
61
algoma-type BIF formed between???
3.8 Ga and 2.6 Ga
62
Type of BIF that dominated the Proterozoic Fe-rich sed rocks
Superior-type
63
True or False
Superior-type is larger than Algoma-type
True
64
Superior-type BIF formed between?????
2.6 Ga - 1.8 Ga
and
0.8 Ga - 0.5 Ga
65
Type of BIF that deposited immediately during glaciation of the SNOWBALL EARTH PERIOD
Rapitan-type
66
Non-clastic sedimentary rocks that is rich in carbonaceous or organic components
Carbonaceous
67
Organic-rich deposit that generally form in swamps
Peat
68
Remains of plant materials that accumulates underwater in anoxic conditions
Sapropel
69
Anoxic conditions mean?
Low-oxygen conditions
70
Sed rock rich in solid organic matter
Coal
71
A classification of coal based on how "cooked" they are
Coal Rank
72
Enumerate the Coal Rank
1. Lignite
2. Sub-bituminous
3. Bituminous
4. Anthracite
73
What coal rank do we have in the Philippines/Semirara?
Sub-bituminous
74
Mudrocks that are rich in organic materials that can be extracted as oil (liquid) or gas (natural gas)
Oil Shales
75
Forms from Fossils of Microorganisms
Petroleum
76
Star-like fossil partcles that can usually be seen with sands.
Forams
77
In the sequence of formation of the evaporite minerals, what are the main characteristic of the minerals that precipitates first?
Less Soluble
78
Full name for the Folk’s Classification for Carbonate Sediments.
Folk’s Textural Classification of Carbonate Sediments
79
Full name for the Folk’s Classification of Carbonate Rocks
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks
80
A type of classification system that bases on the characteristics of the depositional texture of a sedimentary rock.
Dunham Classification
81
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Intraclast + Sparry Calcite
Intrasparite
82
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Intraclasts + Micrite Matrix
Intramicrite
83
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Oolite + Sparry Calcite
Oosparite
84
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Oolite + Micrite Matrix
Oomicrite
85
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Fossils + Sparry Calcite
Biosparite
86
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Fossils + Micrite Matrix
Biomicrite
87
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Pellets + Sparry Calcite
Pelsparite
88
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks
Pellets + Micrite Matrix
Pelmicrite
89
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks
Microcrystalline Calcite
Micrite
90
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks
Microcrystalline Calcite + Spar
Dismicrite
91
Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks
Autochthonous Reef Rocks
Biolithite
92
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix
Percent Allochems: 0-1%
Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition
Micrite
93
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix
Percent Allochems: 1-10%
Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition
Fossiliferous Biomicrite
94
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix
Percent Allochems: 10-50%
Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition
Sparse Biomicrite
95
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix
Percent Allochems: Over 50%
Other Factors: Matrix or Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity
Packed Biomicrite
96
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Subequal Spar and Micrite
Percent Allochems: Subequal Spar and Micrite
Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity
Poorly Washed Biosparite
97
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement
Sorting: Sorting Poor
Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity
Unsorted Biosparite
98
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement
Sorting: Sorting Good
Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Wave/Current Activity
Sorted Biosparite
99
Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments
Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement
Sorting: Rounded and Abraded
Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Wave/Current Activity
Rounded Biosparite
100
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Mud-Supported, Less than 10% grains
Mudstone
101
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Mud-Supported, More than 10% grains
Wackestone
102
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Grain-Supported
Packstone
103
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Lacks mud and is grain-supported.
Grainstone
104
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Matrix-Supported
Floatstone
105
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components not Bound During Deposition
Supported by >2mm clast components
Rudstone
106
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition
Can be divided into three types.
Boundstone
107
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition
Boundstone: By organisms which acts as baffles.
Bafflestone
108
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition
Boundstone: By organisms which encrust and and bind.
Bindstone
109
Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable
Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition
Boundstone: By organisms which build a rigid framework.
Framestone
110
Dunham Classification:
Depositional Texture NOT Recognizable
Crystalline
111
The depth wherein deeper than that specific depth, HYDROUS SILICA will not be able to form, for it will be dissolved.
Opal Compensation Depth
112
The depth wherein deeper than that specific depth, CARBONATES will not be able to form, for it will be dissolved.
Carbonate Compensation Depth
113
Other name for diatoms.
Phytoplankton
114
Other name for radiolaria.
Zooplankton
115
Siliceous skeletons that occur as siliceous ooze.
Diatoms(phytoplankton) and Radiolaria(Zooplankton)
