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PETROLOGY > Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Non-Clastic) > Flashcards

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Non-Clastic) Flashcards

1
Q

Dominantly composed of calcareous components.

A

Carbonates

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2
Q

Dominantly composed of calcareous components.

A

Carbonates

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3
Q

Rock deposits that formed as precipitates from evaporation.

A

Evaporites / Evaporite Deposit

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4
Q

Sedimentary rocks that are dominantly composed of silica.

A

Siliceous Deposits

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5
Q

Organic-dominated rocks.

A

Organic carbonaceous rocks

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6
Q

Dominantly composed of iron.

A

Ironstones

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7
Q

Dominantly composed of phosphate minerals.

A

Phosphates

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8
Q

Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of calcite.

A

Limestone

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9
Q

Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of dolomite.

A

Dolostone

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10
Q

A process where dolostone are products of diagenetic processes that converted calcite carbonates to dolomite.

A

Dolomitization

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11
Q

Mud-sized carbonate particles in limestones and dolostones.

A

Micrites

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12
Q

sand- to gravel-sized carbonate particles that include shells, ooids, limeclasts, and peloids.

A

Grains

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13
Q

Grains are also called as

A

Allochem

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14
Q

The process where micro-boring activity of blue-green, cyanophyte bacteria.

A

Micritization

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15
Q

can be made up of various-sized sediments or pellets composed of carbonate minerals.

A

Clastic carbonate

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16
Q

Clastic carbonates dominantly composed of ooids.

A

Oolite

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17
Q

Clastic carbonates dominantly composed of pisoids.

A

Pisolite

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18
Q

Carbonate rocks
with gravel-sized particles.

A

Calcirudite/Dolorudite

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19
Q

Carbonate rocks with sand-sized particles.

A

Calcarenite/Dolarenite

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20
Q

Carbonate rocks with mud-sized particles.

A

Calcilutite/Dololutite

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21
Q

A coarse limestone made up of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments.

A

Coquina

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22
Q

A soft, porous variety of limestone made up of almost entirely hard parts of microscopic marine organisms.

A

Chalk

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23
Q

A type of limestone
commonly deposited in caves.

A

Travertine

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24
Q

A type of limestone commonly deposited in hot springs.

A

Tufa

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25
Q

Commmon term for Stalactites, Stalagmites, and Columns

A

Speleothems

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26
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that include Snails

A

Molluscs

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27
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that include Seashells

A

Bivalves

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28
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that is under the Mollusca Phylum

A

Gastropods

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29
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that include Sea urchins

A

Echinoids

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30
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that include Sea Lilies

A

Crinoids

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31
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that are single-celled organisms composed of calcite

A

Foraminifera

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32
Q

Carbonate-forming animals that include Corals

A

Cnidaria

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33
Q

Carbonate-forming plant that is an important source of biogenic carbonates

A

Algae

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34
Q

Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Red Algae that encrust surfaces

A

Rhodophyta

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35
Q

Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Green, rod-shaped algae

A

Chlorophyta

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36
Q

Carbonate-forming plant characterized as a Yellow-Green Algae

A

Nanoplankton

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37
Q

An important prehistoric Carbonate-forming organism

A

Cyanobacteria

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38
Q

A Phytoplankton with Calcite test

A

Coccolithophore

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39
Q

Non-clastic Sedimentary rock formed via precipitating solutions

A

Evaporites / Evaporite Deposit

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40
Q

Most commonly encountered evaporite minerals in sedimentary rocks.

A

Gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O)
Anhydrite (CaSO4)

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41
Q

How many percent volume of water evaporates to precipitate into Gypsum and Anhydrite?

A

19%

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42
Q

Precipitates as thick crystalline beds

A

Halite (NaCl)

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43
Q

How many percent volume of water evaporates to precipitate into Halite?

A

9.5%

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44
Q

Sequence of Evaporites Deposition

A
  1. Calcite
  2. Gypsum
  3. Anhydrite
  4. Halite
  5. Sylvite
  6. Carnallite
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45
Q

Non-clastic sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of silica. Forms through accumulation of siliceous skeletons

A

Siliceous / Siliceous Deposits

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46
Q

Enumerate the two siliceous skeletons

A

Diatoms (Phytoplankton) and Radiolaria (Zooplankton)

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47
Q

The siliceous skeletons occur as what?

A

Siliceous Ooze

48
Q

Non-clastic sed rock made up of microcrystalline quartz

A

Chert

49
Q

Black Chert

A

Flint

50
Q

Red Chert

A

Jasper

51
Q

Green Chert

A

Prase

52
Q

Concentric Chert

A

Chalcedony

53
Q

Non-clastic sedimentary rock dominantly composed of phosphate deposits that may form organically

A

Phosphates

54
Q

Rocks with high concentrations of phosphates

A

Phosphorites

55
Q

Calcium Phosphate mineral

A

Francolite

56
Q

Fossilized Feces that is high in phosphates

A

Coprolite

57
Q

Bat Shit

A

Guano

58
Q

Non-clastic sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of iron

A

Ironstones

59
Q

Precambrian rocks where most of iron is mined today

A

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

60
Q

Type of BIF that dominated the Archean Fe-rich sed rocks

A

Algoma-type

61
Q

algoma-type BIF formed between???

A

3.8 Ga and 2.6 Ga

62
Q

Type of BIF that dominated the Proterozoic Fe-rich sed rocks

A

Superior-type

63
Q

True or False
Superior-type is larger than Algoma-type

A

True

64
Q

Superior-type BIF formed between?????

A

2.6 Ga - 1.8 Ga
and
0.8 Ga - 0.5 Ga

65
Q

Type of BIF that deposited immediately during glaciation of the SNOWBALL EARTH PERIOD

A

Rapitan-type

66
Q

Non-clastic sedimentary rocks that is rich in carbonaceous or organic components

A

Carbonaceous

67
Q

Organic-rich deposit that generally form in swamps

A

Peat

68
Q

Remains of plant materials that accumulates underwater in anoxic conditions

A

Sapropel

69
Q

Anoxic conditions mean?

A

Low-oxygen conditions

70
Q

Sed rock rich in solid organic matter

A

Coal

71
Q

A classification of coal based on how “cooked” they are

A

Coal Rank

72
Q

Enumerate the Coal Rank

A
  1. Lignite
  2. Sub-bituminous
  3. Bituminous
  4. Anthracite
73
Q

What coal rank do we have in the Philippines/Semirara?

A

Sub-bituminous

74
Q

Mudrocks that are rich in organic materials that can be extracted as oil (liquid) or gas (natural gas)

A

Oil Shales

75
Q

Forms from Fossils of Microorganisms

A

Petroleum

76
Q

Star-like fossil partcles that can usually be seen with sands.

A

Forams

77
Q

In the sequence of formation of the evaporite minerals, what are the main characteristic of the minerals that precipitates first?

A

Less Soluble

78
Q

Full name for the Folk’s Classification for Carbonate Sediments.

A

Folk’s Textural Classification of Carbonate Sediments

79
Q

Full name for the Folk’s Classification of Carbonate Rocks

A

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks

80
Q

A type of classification system that bases on the characteristics of the depositional texture of a sedimentary rock.

A

Dunham Classification

81
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Intraclast + Sparry Calcite

A

Intrasparite

82
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Intraclasts + Micrite Matrix

A

Intramicrite

83
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Oolite + Sparry Calcite

A

Oosparite

84
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Oolite + Micrite Matrix

A

Oomicrite

85
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Fossils + Sparry Calcite

A

Biosparite

86
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Fossils + Micrite Matrix

A

Biomicrite

87
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Pellets + Sparry Calcite

A

Pelsparite

88
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Bearing Rocks

Pellets + Micrite Matrix

A

Pelmicrite

89
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks

Microcrystalline Calcite

A

Micrite

90
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks

Microcrystalline Calcite + Spar

A

Dismicrite

91
Q

Folk’s Basic Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Allochem Lacking Rocks

Autochthonous Reef Rocks

A

Biolithite

92
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix

Percent Allochems: 0-1%

Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition

A

Micrite

93
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix

Percent Allochems: 1-10%

Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition

A

Fossiliferous Biomicrite

94
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix

Percent Allochems: 10-50%

Other Factors: Matrix Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition

A

Sparse Biomicrite

95
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Micrite Matrix

Percent Allochems: Over 50%

Other Factors: Matrix or Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity

A

Packed Biomicrite

96
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Subequal Spar and Micrite

Percent Allochems: Subequal Spar and Micrite

Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity

A

Poorly Washed Biosparite

97
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement

Sorting: Sorting Poor

Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Quiet Water Deposition or Wave Current Activity

A

Unsorted Biosparite

98
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement

Sorting: Sorting Good

Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Wave/Current Activity

A

Sorted Biosparite

99
Q

Folk’s Textural Classification for Carbonate Sediments

Characteristics: Over 2/3 Spar Cement

Sorting: Rounded and Abraded

Other Factors: Grain Supported Allochems, Wave/Current Activity

A

Rounded Biosparite

100
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Mud-Supported, Less than 10% grains

A

Mudstone

101
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Mud-Supported, More than 10% grains

A

Wackestone

102
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Grain-Supported

A

Packstone

103
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Lacks mud and is grain-supported.

A

Grainstone

104
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Matrix-Supported

A

Floatstone

105
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components not Bound During Deposition

Supported by >2mm clast components

A

Rudstone

106
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition

Can be divided into three types.

A

Boundstone

107
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition

Boundstone: By organisms which acts as baffles.

A

Bafflestone

108
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition

Boundstone: By organisms which encrust and and bind.

A

Bindstone

109
Q

Dunham Classification: Depositional Texture Recognizable

Original Components Organically Bound During Deposition

Boundstone: By organisms which build a rigid framework.

A

Framestone

110
Q

Dunham Classification:

Depositional Texture NOT Recognizable

A

Crystalline

111
Q

The depth wherein deeper than that specific depth, HYDROUS SILICA will not be able to form, for it will be dissolved.

A

Opal Compensation Depth

112
Q

The depth wherein deeper than that specific depth, CARBONATES will not be able to form, for it will be dissolved.

A

Carbonate Compensation Depth

113
Q

Other name for diatoms.

A

Phytoplankton

114
Q

Other name for radiolaria.

A

Zooplankton

115
Q

Siliceous skeletons that occur as siliceous ooze.

A

Diatoms(phytoplankton) and Radiolaria(Zooplankton)

PETROLOGY (15 decks)

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