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PETROLOGY > Detrital Sedimentary Rocks (Clastic) > Flashcards

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks (Clastic) Flashcards

1
Q

Detrital sedimentary rocks are also called as?

A

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

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2
Q

If the clast size is GRAVEL, what is the sed rock and grabau name?

A

Sed Rock: Gravelstone/Conglomerate

Grabau: Rudite

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3
Q

If the clast size is SAND, what is the sed rock and grabau name?

A

Sed rock: Sandstone

Grabau: Arenite

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4
Q

If the clast size is MUD, what is the sed rock and grabau name?

A

Sed rock: Mudrock

Grabau: Lutite

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5
Q

Size range in mm for boulders.

A

> 256 mm

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6
Q

Size range in mm for cobble.

A

64-256 mm

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7
Q

Size range in mm for pebble

A

4-64 mm

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8
Q

Size range in mm for granule.

A

2-4 mm

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9
Q

Size range in mm for sand.

A

1/16-2 mm

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10
Q

Size range in mm for silt.

A

1/256-1/16 mm

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11
Q

Size range in mm for clay

A

<1/256 mm

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12
Q

Common name for the particles boulder, cobble, pebble, and granule.

A

Gravel

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13
Q

Common name for the particle sand

A

Sand

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14
Q

Common name for the particles silt and clay.

A

Mud

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15
Q

Detrital rocks under the Gravel category

A

Conglomerate and Breccia

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16
Q

Detrital Rock under the sand category

A

Sandstone

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17
Q

Three detrital rocks under the mud category.

A

Claystone, Mudstone(and Shale) , or Siltstone

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18
Q

Phi value of Boulders

A

-8

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19
Q

Phi value of Cobbles

A

-7, -6, -5, and -4

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20
Q

Phi value of pebbles

A

-4, -3, -2

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21
Q

Phi value of Granules

A

-2, -1

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22
Q

Phi value of very coarse sand

A

-1, 0

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23
Q

Phi value of coarse sand

A

0, 1

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24
Q

Phi value of medium sand

A

1, 2

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25
Q

Phi value of fine sand

A

2, 3

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26
Q

Phi value of very fine sand

A

3, 4

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27
Q

Phi value of coarse silt

A

4, 5

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28
Q

Phi value of medium silt

A

5, 6

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29
Q

Phi value of fine silt

A

6, 7

30
Q

Phi value of very fine silt

A

7, 8

31
Q

Phi value of clay

A

8

32
Q

Sedimentary rocks made up of gravel-sized sediments.

A

Gravelstones

33
Q

Gravelstones that are made up of rounded sediments.

A

Conglomerate

34
Q

Gravelstones that are made up of angular sediments.

A

Breccia

35
Q

Gravelstones are also called as?

A

Rudites

36
Q

Gravelstones with an interior source, eroding from the same source and lithifying space, making the clasts and matrices’ composition uniform.

A

Intraformational

37
Q

Gravelstones with composition derived outside of depositional basin, with the clasts and matrices’ composition different from each other.

A

Extraformational

38
Q

Clast-supported conglomerates

A

Orthoconglomerate

39
Q

Matrix-supported conglomerate

A

Paraconglomerate

40
Q

Describes gravelstones with more than 90% of the framework clasts consisting of a single or few resistant rocks and/or minerals.

A

Oligomict

41
Q

Describes gravelstones with clasts of different compositions that are prone to weathering and erosion.

A

Petromict

42
Q

Describes gravelstones with clasts composed of a single composition

A

Monomictic

43
Q

Describes gravelstones with clasts composed of about 2-4 different types of parent rocks.

A

Diamictic

44
Q

Describes gravelstones with clasts with numerous amounts of types of composition

A

Polymictic

45
Q

A type of gravelstone composed of lithified colluvium deposited from mass wasting.

A

Diamictite

46
Q

Diamictites derived from glaciers.

A

Diamictons

47
Q

Sedimentary rocks made up of sand-sized sediments.

A

Sandstones

48
Q

Also called as Arenites.

A

Sandstone

49
Q

A classification of sandstones that classifies sandstones based on the proportions of Quartz, Feldspars, and Lithic Fragments normalized.

A

Folk’s Scheme

50
Q

Sandstones with significant amount of feldspars

A

Arkose

51
Q

Sandstones with significant amount of mud matrix

A

Wacke

52
Q

An older, general term for matrix-rich sandstones

A

Greywacke

53
Q

Are known as the “stable platforms”.

A

Cratons

54
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Sediments are derived from volcanic-magmatic arcs formed over subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries.

A

Setting: Magmatic Arc Source

Subdivision: N/A

55
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Contain sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and recycled volcanic/magmatic arc sediments derived from uplifted recycled accretionary complexes.

A

Setting: Recycled Orogen Source

Subdivision: Subduction Complexes

56
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Contain sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, of both continental and oceanic origin, uplifted during continental collisions that close ocean basins.

A

Setting: Recycled Orogen Source

Subdivision: Collision Orogens

57
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Consist of diverse sedimentary, metamorphic, and plutonic igneous rock assemblages exposed in orogenic belts some distance from convergent plate boundaries.

A

Setting: Recycled Orogen Source

Subdivision: Foreland Uplifts

58
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Sediments are derived from pre-existing, generally mature, sedimentary rocks that overlie plutonic basement rocks in a stable platform setting with very low relief.

A

Setting:m Continental Block Source

Subdivision: Craton Interior

59
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

Both platform sedimentary rocks and plutonic basement shield rocks are exposed as source rock types in settings of low to moderate relief.

A

Setting: Continental Block Source

Subdivision: Transitional Cratons

60
Q

What is the setting and subdivision?

The basement plutonic igneous and metamorphic rocks are exposed in an area of high relief resulting from an uplift.

A

Setting: Continental Block Source

Subdivision: Uplifted Basement

61
Q

Sedimentary rocks made up of mud-sized sediments.

A

Mudrock

62
Q

Mudrocks that are made up of silt-sized sediments.

A

Siltstone

63
Q

Mudrocks that are made up of clay-sized sediments.

A

Claystone

64
Q

Also called as lutites.

A

Mudrocks

65
Q

Mudrocks that are made up of the combination of silt and clay sized sediments.

A

Mudstone

66
Q

A type of mudrock that shows distinct layering.

A

Shale

67
Q

Banding observed among mudrocks where they tend to break.

A

Fissility

68
Q

Smectite-rich claystones that formed from the alteration of volcanic ash deposits from explosive eruptions.

A

Bentonite

69
Q

What is the tagalog term for Bentonite?

A

Adobe

70
Q

Sediments from mass wasting

A

Colluvium

71
Q

Sediments from streams

A

Alluvium

PETROLOGY (9 decks)

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