metal stuff Flashcards
list the reactivity series in song
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnisium
Aliminium
(copper)
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
(hydrogen)
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinium
Metals that really react with water
Poassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
What is the strongest reaction w water
Fizzing
give off hydrogen so theres a pop
leaves an alkaline solution of metal hydroxide
slow reaction with water
mag
aliminum
zinc
iron
slight reaction with steam to water
tin
lead
NO reaction to water
copper
silver
gold
Explodes w dilute acid
potassium
sodium
lithium
fizzes with dilute acid
cacium
magnesium
aliminium
zinc
iron
what else do things that fizz w dilute acid do
give off hydrogen gas and form a salt
slow reaction w warm acid to dilute acid
tin
lead
no reaction to dilute acids
copper
silver
gold
What happens when metals react
They lose an electron and become a positive ion
What is displacement
When a metal higher up the reactiviyt series displaces one lower
What is a redox reaction
Something that includes the loss and gain of electrons
What is oxidisation
Loss of electrons
What is reduction
Gain of electrons
What is a metal ore
something that constains enough metal to be extracted with an economical profit
What does carbon do with metals
Its often used to displace metals that are less reactive to extract them.
How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted
They are extracted by electrolysis of the metal compound
How are non reactive metals extracted
Metals such as gold come in their natural state from the ground
What is coppers issue
It is finite and running out
How is coppers issue being solved
Finding new methods of extracting copper from lower grade ores
Explain phytomining
Absbable plants are grown on soil that contains the low grade copper ore, as they grow they store concentrated copper compounds. Theyre then burnt and their ashes will contain the copper compound, which is then dissolved into an acid to form leachate- and then electrolysis or scrap iron will produce pure copper.
Explain Bioleaching
This is feeding bacteria the low grade metal ores and they produece a solution called leachate which contains copper ions, you can then either electrolysis or scrap iron it to be pure
How is the copper extracted from the compounds?
Its either displaced using scrap irons whcih are cheaper or using electrolysis.
Two main methods of wxtracting copper from copper rich ores
sulphuric acid makes copper sulphate solution and is then extracted copper metal
smelting which means heating it to make impure copper
what do alkalines prpoduce
OH- when added to water
what to acids do
create a hydrogne ion when reacted with aqueous solutions
what are bases
substances that neutralise acids
ways to test ph
univeral indicator- goes dif rainbow coll=ours at the level of acidity
ph probe- electronic scale
litmus paper- red for acid
name some strong acids
hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid
name weak acids
ethanoic acid
citric acid
carbonic acid
why are strong acids stronger
they ionise completely and all the molecules release h+ ions
why are weak acids weak
the molecules will recombine to the orignial form or some will and not all molecules will release an H ion
as ph decreases by one unit..
hydrogen concentration increases by ten times
salt equation
metal + acid = salt + hydrogen
when is salt formed
when the hydrogen has been displaced by the emtal ion
what kinda reaction is metal and acid
redox becuase the hydrogen gains electrons and the salt loses them
explain insiluable bases practical
heat the sulphuric acid ina beaker but not until it boils and then add slowly the metal with a spactula and stir continuedly until there is excess metal and the mixture is blue but with excess so the metal has fully reacted as much as it can. filter out the mixture so the excess metal is gone and youre left with the blue mixture and then heat it gently over water in an evapourating dish until crystals start to form. then leave it somewhere farm for about a day and dry it in filter paper.
salt + water equation
hydroxide/ alk + acid = salt + water
salt + water + co2 equation
metal carbonate + acid= salt + water + co2
neutralisation reaction
acid + base = salt + water
how does the erroding of limestone work as an equation
limestone is a metal carbonate which is erroded by acid, calcium carbonate plus acid is calcium chloride plus water plus carbon dioxide
what are spectator ions
ions not a part of the equation
