Earths atmosphere

Question 1

What was the atmosphere like up to 3.4 b years ago

Answer 1

intense volcanic activity
loads of co2 in the atmosphere
some water vapour which cooled to make oceans
some methane and nitrogen
similar to mars or venus

Question 2

how did oxygen come

Answer 2

algea formed from bacteria which did photosyntheis making oxgygen gas as a waste product loads of plants evolved so more and more oxygen

Question 3

phtosynethsis equation?

Answer 3

carbon + water = glucose + oxgyen

Question 4

where the co2 went

Answer 4

from plants injested into animals to their tissues which eventually build up at the bottom of oceans, under the pressure they form sedmentary carbonate rocks such as limestone
it also dissolved into the oceans water

Question 5

What are the three fossil fuels

Answer 5

Coal
Crude oil
Natural gas

Question 6

Whats coal

Answer 6

Sedimentary rock that build up from carbon injesting plants under no oxygen pressures

Question 7

whats crude oil and natural gas

Answer 7

formed from plankton and mud underwater that becomes a compressed thing after being trapped under a layer of sedimentary rock. found between the layers

Question 8

how were amonia and methane removed

Answer 8

They reacted with oxygen

Question 9

Why didnt nitrogen go

Answer 9

It isnt reactive

Question 10

What is todays atmosphere

Answer 10

78 percent nitrogen
21 percent oxygen
bits of argon and co2
even smaller bits of water vapour and noble gases

Question 11

How do greenhouse gases warm earth

Answer 11

Energy from the sun heats the earth in short wavelengths, some are instantly reflected from the atmosphere but some are emitted through infared radiation, which greenhouse gases can absorb. The more greenhouse gases the more absorbed the higher the temperature

Question 12

How are greenhouse gases increasing

Answer 12

fossil fuels are burnt loads for cars, electricity and heating making co2
methane escapes from swamps as cattles eat from it.

Question 13

Problems with co2 levels rising

Answer 13

More trees cut down less photosynthesis so less capturing carbon
Higher temp less co2 solubility in water

Question 14

Consequnces of climate change/rising greenhouse gases

Answer 14

rising sea levels as ice caps are melting
extreme weather
changes in wildlife who cant adapt

Question 15

Carbon footprint defenition

Answer 15

Levels of greenhouse gases emited over somethings lifespan

Question 16

Carbon capture and storage

Answer 16

putting co2 into absorbing rocks deep underground in abandoned oil areas

Question 17

decreasing methane

Answer 17

produce less beef and dairy products and more crops

Question 18

Problemsof reducing carbon footprint

Answer 18

carbon capture costs 10 percent more
Poor countries thrive of money from fossil fuels and cant afford without
because of the uncertainty people dont know the full egffects of climate change

Question 19

what happens when hydrocarbons are burnt with oxygen

Answer 19

Theres complete combustion so co2 and h20

Question 20

what is there is incomplete combustion when hydrocarbons are burnt

Answer 20

It produces toxic carbon monoxide, toxic and colourless

Question 21

How does sulphur dioxide occur

Answer 21

comes from impurities in fossil fuels and when oxidised can cause acid rain by going into the atmosphere and condensing with clouds

Question 22

acid rain problems

Answer 22

damages trees
kills animals
kills plant life near water
attacks limestome and metal buildings

Question 23

how can sulphur diioxide be solved

Answer 23

it can be removed from fossil fuels before theyre burnt

Question 24

how is nitrogen oxide formed and cons of it

Answer 24

high temps in cars mean unreactive nitrogen can react with oxygen
very toxic and triggers asthma
causes acid rain

Question 25

diesel issues

Answer 25

diesel bruns bigger hydrocarbons that dont always burn completely when oxidised. Tiny solid particles of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon are carried in the air called particulates.

Question 26

Whats global dimming

Answer 26

Whe the particulates reflect sunlight back into space and cause global dimming

Question 27

what are the greenhouse gases

Answer 27

co2
water vapour
methane

Question 28

how is methane formed

Answer 28

its a hydrocarbon that comes in throguh high pressure swamps, but is also formed from the waste of grazing cattle

Question 29

whats the forming and issue with carbon monoxide

Answer 29

formed when theres imcomplete combustion-a limited supply of oxygen- it is colourless and toxic, binding to your haemoglobin and being carried instead of oxygen, meaning the body is starved of oxygen.