Metabolsim Flashcards
How many ATP does glycolysis produce?
2 ATP
How many ATP does pyruvate ~> TCA produce?
30 ATP
What is needed to metabolise molecules?
- Energy carrier (ADP/ATP)
- Common intermediates (Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA
- Electron carriers (NADH, FADH2)
What happens during glycolysis?
Glycogen ~> pyruvate
What happens in the preparation phase of glycolysis?
1 (6C) glucose ~> 2 (3C) Glyceraldehyde 4 phosphate.
Uses 2 ATP
What happens in the pay off phase of glycolysis?
(3C) Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate ~> pyruvate.
Produces 4ATP, 2NADH
What is the net total of the products of glycolysis?
2ATP
2NAHD
What inhibits / activates pyruvate kinase?
Inhibited by ATP and Acetyle CoA (end products to show theres enough that the reaction does not need to happen anymore)
Activated by fructose 1-6 bisphosphate
What is Beta oxidation?
Fat ~> fatty acids + glycerol
What happens in the oxidation phase of the krebs cycle?
- Reduces NAD to NADH + CO2
- Reduced FAD to FADH
What happens in the electron transport chain?
Electrons transferred from NADH and FADH to O2 which produced H2O.
Sets up a proton gradient which fuels ATP synthesis.
How many membrane protein complexes are there in the ETC?
4
What are the poducts of one cycle of the Krebs cycle?
- 2 CO2
- 1 ATP
- 1 FADH
- 3 NADH + H
What is OIL RIG?
Oxidation is loss and reduction is gain.
Oxidation:
- Loss of hydrogen and electrons
- Gain of oxygen
Reduction:
- Gain of hydrogen and electrons
- Loss of oxygen
What determines the rate of electron transfer?
ATP levels.
At rest - high ATP levels so low transfer
At exercise - low ATP levels to high transfer
What are 2, 4 dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol inhibitors of?
Uncoupling agents
What is oligomycin an inhibiter of?
ATP synthase
What source of energy does the brain use?
Glucose when theres high supply,
then ketone bodies when glucose is depleted (produced from fatty acids)
What does insulin do?
Metabolism of carbs, fats, protein, absorption of glucose.
What does glucagon do?
Increases glucose and fatty acids in the blood. Gluconeogenesis.
What happens to the body in a fasting state?
- Blood glucose drops
- Insulin secretion drops
- Glucagon secretion rises
- Reduced glycolysis
- Increased gluconeogenesis
- Glycerol and fatty acids used to generate energy
What happens to the body in a fed state?
Glucose can be turned to fat, stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
