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BIS225 Advanced Molecular Cell Biology > Metabolsim > Flashcards

Metabolsim Flashcards

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1
Q

How many ATP does glycolysis produce?

A

2 ATP

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2
Q

How many ATP does pyruvate ~> TCA produce?

A

30 ATP

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3
Q

What is needed to metabolise molecules?

A
  • Energy carrier (ADP/ATP)
  • Common intermediates (Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA
  • Electron carriers (NADH, FADH2)
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4
Q

What happens during glycolysis?

A

Glycogen ~> pyruvate

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5
Q

What happens in the preparation phase of glycolysis?

A

1 (6C) glucose ~> 2 (3C) Glyceraldehyde 4 phosphate.
Uses 2 ATP

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6
Q

What happens in the pay off phase of glycolysis?

A

(3C) Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate ~> pyruvate.
Produces 4ATP, 2NADH

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7
Q

What is the net total of the products of glycolysis?

A

2ATP
2NAHD

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8
Q

What inhibits / activates pyruvate kinase?

A

Inhibited by ATP and Acetyle CoA (end products to show theres enough that the reaction does not need to happen anymore)
Activated by fructose 1-6 bisphosphate

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9
Q

What is Beta oxidation?

A

Fat ~> fatty acids + glycerol

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10
Q

What happens in the oxidation phase of the krebs cycle?

A
  • Reduces NAD to NADH + CO2
  • Reduced FAD to FADH
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11
Q

What happens in the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons transferred from NADH and FADH to O2 which produced H2O.
Sets up a proton gradient which fuels ATP synthesis.

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12
Q

How many membrane protein complexes are there in the ETC?

A

4

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13
Q

What are the poducts of one cycle of the Krebs cycle?

A
  • 2 CO2
  • 1 ATP
  • 1 FADH
  • 3 NADH + H
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14
Q

What is OIL RIG?

A

Oxidation is loss and reduction is gain.
Oxidation:
- Loss of hydrogen and electrons
- Gain of oxygen
Reduction:
- Gain of hydrogen and electrons
- Loss of oxygen

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15
Q

What determines the rate of electron transfer?

A

ATP levels.
At rest - high ATP levels so low transfer
At exercise - low ATP levels to high transfer

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16
Q

What are 2, 4 dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol inhibitors of?

A

Uncoupling agents

17
Q

What is oligomycin an inhibiter of?

A

ATP synthase

18
Q

What source of energy does the brain use?

A

Glucose when theres high supply,
then ketone bodies when glucose is depleted (produced from fatty acids)

19
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Metabolism of carbs, fats, protein, absorption of glucose.

20
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Increases glucose and fatty acids in the blood. Gluconeogenesis.

21
Q

What happens to the body in a fasting state?

A
  • Blood glucose drops
  • Insulin secretion drops
  • Glucagon secretion rises
  • Reduced glycolysis
  • Increased gluconeogenesis
  • Glycerol and fatty acids used to generate energy
22
Q

What happens to the body in a fed state?

A

Glucose can be turned to fat, stored in the liver and adipose tissue.

BIS225 Advanced Molecular Cell Biology (27 decks)

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