metabolism & energy balance Flashcards
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Define basal metabolic rate (BMR)
the energy required for basic physiological function
How is BMR measured?
- At rest (physical and mental)
- At room temperature
- Fasting (12 hours)
- At least one day off from exercise
What are the factors that influence metabolic rate?
- Age
- sex
- body composition
- activity level
- diet
- hormones
- genetics
What kind of factors can we control when it comes to metabolic rate?
- energy intake
- physical activity
What are the factors that affect insulin secretion?
- increase in plasma glucose
- increase in plasma amino acids
- feedforward effect of GI hormones
- Parasympathetic activity
- sympathetic activity
How does insulin lower blood glucose?
- increase glucose transport into insulin-sensitive cells
- increase cellular use and stores
- increase the use of amino acids and protein synthesis
- increase fat synthesis
define homeothermic
means our body regulates our internal temperature within a relatively narrow range
True or False
Overheating is more serious than cooling?
True
Define radiation
emission of heat energy from a surface in form of infrared wavelengths
Define conduction
transfer of heat during direct contact between objects of differing temperatures.
Define convection
heat loss by warm air rising and being replaced with cool air
Define evaporation
surface must be exposed to the environment - active process under the SNS control
What is the control centre for homeostasis?
the hypothalamus
