Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the 3 main patterns of communication?

Answer 1

1. simple diffusion across small distances
2. widespread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system
3. rapid, specific delivery of messages by the nervous system

Question 2

Define hormones?

Answer 2

chemical messengers releases into the blood by specialized cells for transport to distant targets where they exert their effects in very low concentrations

Question 3

How do hormones act on target cells?

Answer 3

1. controlling the rate of enzymatic reactions
   controlling transport of ions/molecules across cell membranes
   controlling gene expression and synthesis of proteins

Question 4

What type of hormone (lipophilic/lipophobic) is most likely to control gene expression?

Answer 4

lipophilic

Question 5

What are the 3 main classes of hormones?

Answer 5

1. Peptide/protein hormones
2. steroid hormones
3. amine hormones

Question 6

List the 6 hormones that are released by the anterior pituitary.

Answer 6

1. prolactin
2. thyroid-stimulating hormone
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. luteinizing hormone
5. follicle-stimulating hormone
6. growth hormone

Question 7

Which hormone is NOT a tropic hormone? Why?

Answer 7

Prolactin. Because it does not control the secretion of another hormone. It stimulates breast development and milk production

Question 8

What are the 3 basic patterns of endocrine pathologies?

Answer 8

1. excess
2. deficiency
3. abnormal responsiveness of target tissues