Control of Body Movement (TEST 2)

Question 1

What are somatic reflexes?

Answer 1

involve somatic motor neurons and skeletal muscle

Question 2

What are autonomic reflexes?

Answer 2

responses controlled by autonomic neurons

Question 3

What are spinal reflexes?

Answer 3

integrated in spinal cord, can occur without any input from the brain

Question 4

What are cranial reflexes?

Answer 4

reflexes integrated in the brain

Question 5

What is a monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 5

a single synapse between two neurons in a pathway - there is a sensory neuron and an efferent neuron somatic neuron

Question 6

What is a polysynaptic reflex?

Answer 6

complex, with extensive branching in the CNS, multiple interneurons. There are at least 2 synapses. Most reflexes are polysynaptic

Question 7

Define divergence

Answer 7

allows a single stimulus to affect multiple targets

Question 8

Define convergence

Answer 8

integration of input from multiple sources to modify the responses

Question 9

What are the 4 main ways to classify neural reflexes?

Answer 9

1. by efferent division of nervous system controlling the response
2. by the CNS location where the reflex is integrated
3. By whether the reflex is innate or learned
4. by the number of neurons in the reflex pathway

Question 10

What are the 3 ways the movements are classified as?

Answer 10

1. Reflex
2. Voluntary
3. Rhythmic

Question 11

What are the 3 divisions of control?

Answer 11

1. Decision making & planning
2. Initiating the movement
3. Executing the movement

Question 12

What does rhythmic movement include?

Answer 12

combination of reflex & voluntary movements

Question 13

What are the 3 levels of CNS control?

Answer 13

1. spinal cord
2. Brain stem & cerebellum
3. Cerebral cortex & basal ganglia