Metabolism & energy

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All of the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Metabolic pathways

Answer 2

Series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or breakdown complex molecules

Question 3

Two types of metabolic pathways

Answer 3

1. Catabolic
2. Anabolic

Question 4

Catabolic

Answer 4

-Release energy
-Breakdown complex molecules

Question 5

Anabolic

Answer 5

-Consume energy
-Build complex molecules from simpler compounds

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

The ability to do work

Question 7

Organisms need energy to….

Answer 7

Survive and function, loss of energy results in death.

Question 8

Kinetic energy

Answer 8

energy associated with motion

Question 9

Thermal energy

Answer 9

Type of kinetic energy, movement of atoms or molecules

Question 10

Potential energy

Answer 10

Stored energy

Question 11

Chemical energy

Answer 11

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 12

Thermodynamics

Answer 12

The study of energy transformations in matter, laws apply to universe as a whole

Question 13

1st law

Answer 13

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change forms, being transferred/transformed

Question 14

2nd law

Answer 14

Energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe
-some energy becomes unusable during an energy transfer and often is lost as heat

Question 15

Exergonic reactions

Answer 15

1. Reactions that release energy
2. Ex. Cellular respiration
3. Spontaneous (no outside energy input required)

Question 16

Endergonic reactions

Answer 16

1. Reactions that absorb energy
2. Not spontaneous
3. Absorbs free energy
4. Ex. Photosynthesis

Question 17

Cells are not at equilibrium

Answer 17

Living cells have a constant flow of materials in and out of the membrane

Question 18

Cells perform three types of work

Answer 18

1. Mechanical
2. Transport
3. Chemical

Question 19

Mechanical work

Answer 19

Movement of chromosomes, contraction of muscle cells, cilia moving.

Question 20

Transport work

Answer 20

Pumping substances against across membranes and against their concentration gradient

Question 21

Chemical work

Answer 21

Synthesis of molecules (building polymers from monomers)

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

Adenosine triphosphate: molecule that organisms use as a source of energy to do work

Question 23

ATP uses both

Answer 23

Exergonic and endergonic reactions to power cellular work

Question 24

ATP and exer,enderonic reactions

Answer 24

1.Exergonic process drives endergonic process
2. Organisms obtain energy by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate in a hydrolysis reaction (loss of water)
3. ATP-ADP (di)

Question 25

Phosphorylation

Answer 25

Released phosphate moves to another molecule to give energy

Question 26

Regeneration of ATP

Answer 26

ADP can be regenerated to ATP via ATP cycle, (cell work and exergonic reactions)