Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Macromolecules that speed up (catalyze) reactions by lowering the activation energy
1. Not consumed by the reaction
2. Type of protein
3. Typically end in -ase

Question 2

Substrate

Answer 2

Things that bind to enzymes

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

Area for substrate to bind

Question 4

Induced fit

Answer 4

Enzymes will change the shape of their active site to allow substrate to bind better

Question 5

Enzyme catabolism

Answer 5

Enzyme helps break complex molecules

Question 6

Enzyme anabolism

Answer 6

Enzyme helps build complex molecules

Question 7

Effects on enzymes

Answer 7

Enzymes are proteins which means their 3D shape can be affected by different factors

Question 8

Efficiency of enzymes affected by

Answer 8

-Temperature
-pH
-Chemicals

Question 9

Optimal conditions

Answer 9

Ideal temp and pH levels that allow enzymes to function optimally

Question 10

Temperature and enzymes

Answer 10

Rate of enzyme activity increases with temperature, up to certain point, if it gets too hot enzyme will unfold

Question 11

Enzymes and pH

Answer 11

Outside the normal pH range, hydrogen bonds begin to break, changing the shape of the enzyme

Question 12

Cofactors

Answer 12

Non-protein molecules that assist enzyme function, inorganic cofactors made of metal, can be loosely or tightly bonded

Question 13

Holoenzyme

Answer 13

An enzyme with the cofactor attached

Question 14

Coenzymes

Answer 14

Organic cofactors, ex. vitamins

Question 15

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 15

Reduce the activity of specific enzymes, can be permanent or reversible

Question 16

Permanent inhibitor

Answer 16

Inhibitor binds with covalent bonds, ex. toxins, poisons

Question 17

Reversible inhibitor

Answer 17

Inhibitor binds with weak interactions (hydrogen bonds)

Question 18

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 18

Reduce enzyme activity by blocking substrates from binding to the active site

Question 19

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 19

Bind to an area other than the active site (allosteric site) which changes the shape of the active site, preventing substrates from binding

Question 20

Regulation of chemical reactions

Answer 20

Cell must be able to regulate its metabolic pathways by controlling when and where enzymes are active, and switching genes that code for enzymes on or off

Question 21

Allosteric enzymes have two binding sites:

Answer 21

-one active site
-one allosteric site

Question 22

Allosteric interaction

Answer 22

Molecules bind to an allosteric site which changes the shape and function of the active site

Question 23

Allosteric activator

Answer 23

Substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active site remains open

Question 24

Allosteric inhibitor

Answer 24

Substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed

Question 25

Cooperativity

Answer 25

Substrate binds to one active site, stabilizing the active form, keeps other active sites open

Question 26

Feedback inhibition

Answer 26

End result of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor (turns off the cycle)