Cells-energy organelles

Question 1

Endosymbiont theory

Answer 1

The theory that explains the similarities mitochondria and chloroplasts have to a prokaryote. States an early eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell became an endosymbiot (cell that lives in another cell)

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Site of cellular respiration, ATP production

Question 3

Structure of Mitochondria double membrane

Answer 3

-Outer membrane is smooth
-Inner membrane has folds and cisternae- divides the mitochondria into two internal compartments and increases the surface area

Question 4

Intermembrane

Answer 4

Space between the inner and outer membrane

Question 5

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 5

1. Enclosed by the inner membrane
2. Location for the krebs cycle
3. Contains enzymes that cause cellular respiration and produce ATP or energy in cells
4. Contains ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA

Question 6

Number of mitochondria in a cell correlate with….

Answer 6

metabolic activity, the process that changes food into energy

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

specialized organelles in plant or photosynthetic cells, sight of photosynthesis, contains green pigment chlorophyll.

Question 8

Thylakoids

Answer 8

Membranous sacs in a chloroplast’s double membrane that can organize into stacks called grana

Question 9

Stroma

Answer 9

1. Fluid around thylakoids, location for the calvin cycle
2. Contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes and enzymes

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm

Question 11

Cytoskeleton functions

Answer 11

1. Give structural and mechanical support
2. Anchor organelles
3. Allow for movement of vesicle organelles and/or the whole cell

Question 12

Three type of fibers in the cytoskeleton

Answer 12

1. Microfilaments
2. Microtubules
3. Intermediate filaments

Question 13

Microtubules

Answer 13

1. Hollow like structures made of protein tubulin
2. Grow from the centrosome, assist in microtubule assembly

Question 14

Microtubules functions

Answer 14

1. Serve as structural support for the movement of organelles that are interacting with motor proteins
2. Assist in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 15

Microfilaments

Answer 15

Thin, solid rods made of the protein actin

Question 16

Microfilaments functions

Answer 16

1. Maintain cell shape- bears tension
2. Assist in muscle contraction and cell motility
3. Division of animal cells

Question 17

Intermediate filaments

Answer 17

Fibrous proteins made of varying subunits, permanent structural elements of cells

Question 18

Intermediate filaments functions

Answer 18

1. Maintain cell shape
2. Anchor nucleus and organelles
3. Form the nuclear lamina which lines the nuclear envelope