Metabolism Flashcards
Energy is measured in….
Joules
Work=
Force x Distance
ATP structure
3 phosphate groups
Ribose sugar
Adenine
The bonds in phosphate groups have high…
Potential energy
PHOTOTROPH
Energy from sunlight
CHEMOTROPHS
Energy from chemical compounds
AUTOTROPH
Carbon from inorganic O2
Eg plants
Hydrogen bacteria
HETEROTROPHS
Carbon from organic compounds
Green non-sulfur bacteria
Animals
Macromolecules into subunits
CATABOLISM
ADP ——> ATP + H2O
Subunits to macromolecules
ANABOLISM
ATP+ H2O ——> ADP
ADP ——-> ATP + H2O
CATABOLISM
ATP+ H2O ——-> ADP
ANABOLISM
Energy not associated with movement but stored energy
Potential energy
Chemical energy is a form of …… as energy is stored in chemical ……
Potential energy
Bonds
….. bonds have less potential energy as they are very …..
Strong
Stable
Phosphate groups ….. eachother
Repel
Energy is neither created or destroyed but changed from one form to another
1st law of thermodynamics
The total amount of energy remains constant however the amount of energy to do work decreases.
Th 2nd law of thermodynamics
Gibbs Free Energy is…
The amount of energy in a system to do work
Possible Gibbs
Products have more free energy than reactant
Negative Gibbs
If the reactants have more free energy than produces
Positive Gibbs and require input of energy (non-spontaneous)
ENDERGONIC
Negative Gibbs and release energy (spontaneous)
EXERGONIC
Entropy=
Influences the movement of molecules and adds a degree of disorder
Energetic coupling is where=
A spontaneous reaction drives a non-spontaneous reaction
Transition state is:
Where old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming. Unstable and therefore has a large amount of free energy
When an enzyme-substrate complex is formed, the substrate is converted to ….. and then complex dissociates to form …. and ….
EP
E and P
What has highly specific active sites?
Proteins
Decreases enzyme activity by either binding to the active site or binding to enzyme at another site and altering the shape.
Inhibitors
Activators…
Increase enzyme activity
If the final product inhibits the first step of the reaction.
Negative feedback
