Cellular Respiration Flashcards
4 stages of respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation (link)
Citric avid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)
Glucose is harnessed in chemical bonds of ATP and the ETC
Oxidised slowly
Co2 and H2O releases
Carbohydrate catabolism
Glycolysis summary (4)
- 6C glucose to pyruvate
- Anaerobic process
- 2ATP net gain
- 2 NADH
Glucose
|
|
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Glycolysis phase 1 (PREPARATORY)
ATP —-> ADP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
|
|
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (x2)
Phase 2 glycolysis (CLEAVAGE)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (x2)
|
|
Pyruvate
Glycolysis phase 4
PAYOFF
Pyruvate——> Acetyl- coA (x2)
Pyruvate oxidation
What catalyses pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
What is required in pyruvate oxidation?
Coenzyme A
NADH
Co2 leaves
=2ATP
6 NAHD
2 FADH2
Citric acid cycle
What is decarboxylation?
Removal of CO2
Citric acid cycle steps-
O xaloacelate C itrate I socitrate a -ketoglutarate S uccinyl S uccinate F umerate M alate
What gradient has high potential energy in respiration?
Proton
CoQ accepts e- from complex I and II, reducing it to…
CoQH2
Complex III transfers e- to…
Cytochrome C
ATP synthase is a molecular system containing…
F0
F1
Forms a channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane which protons flow
F0
Is the catalytic unit that synthesises ATP. Protons flow through to help the enzyme
F1
Rocker and Stoeckenius 1970
Built an artificial system for concentration of protons and ATP in light and dark
Complete oxidation of glucose forms…
32 ATP
Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ——>
2 lactic acid+ 2 ATP+ 2H2O
Fermentation happens in the absence of…
Oxygen
Ethanol fermentation occurs in…
Plants
2 pyruvate + 2ADP + 2Pi ——>
2 ethanol + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 Co2
Excess glucose stored as…
Glycogen
Glucose molecules can be cleaved one at a time to yield…
glucose-6-phosphate
Fatty acids are shortened by…
B-oxidation
ADP+AMP into phosphofructokinase-1
ATP ACTIVATION
ATP blocked from phosphofructokinase-1
INHIBITATION
phosphofructokinase-1 helps to continue…
Glycolysis
