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Biological&Chemical Systems > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

The synthesis of macromolecules involves…

A

Forming covalent bonds between monomers

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2
Q

Condensation reaction is

A

Removal of H2O

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3
Q

Hydrolysis is…

A

Addition of H2O

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4
Q

Used primarily as an energy source (glucose & polymers)

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

Plants use as structural elements

A

Carbohydrate

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6
Q

One monomer
Two monomer
Many monomer

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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7
Q

Triose sugar

A

3 Carbons

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8
Q

5 carbons

A

Pentode

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9
Q

He does

A

6 sugars

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10
Q

How to sugars form a ring?

A

Carbon in aldehyde of ketone group
Covalent bond to
Oxygen in hydroxyl group

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11
Q

Polysaccharide formed by chains of glucose molecule

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

Lipids are….

A

Non-polar and hydrophobic

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13
Q

Long chain of carbons attaches to a carboxyl group at one end

A

Fatty acid

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14
Q

Used as an energy store, excludes H2O so can be packed in small volume

A

Triacylglycerols

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15
Q

C-C

A

Saturated

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16
Q

C=C

A

Unsaturated

17
Q

Only has van der waals to stabilise

A

Hydrocarbon chains

18
Q

What do unsaturated carbons cause?

A

Kinks

Reduces tightness between molecules= lower melting point

19
Q

Carbon-hydrogen bonds can be broken down to form?

A

ATP

20
Q

What is amphipatic?

A

Both hydrophobic&hydrophilic

21
Q

Steroid structure?

A

Four-fused carbon rings e.g cholesterol

22
Q

Protein structure?

A

Amino group
Alpha-carbon
Carboxyl group

23
Q

The R group is variable therefore…

A

Distinguishes each amino acid

24
Q

Monomer of protein

A

Amino acid

25
Q

When forming a peptide bond…

A

O2 release and 2 hydrogens = H2O

26
Q

Primary protein

A

Condensation of amino acids

27
Q

Secondary structure

A

A-helix and b-pleated sheet

28
Q

Nucleic acid function

A

Information storage
Transfer molecules
Energy transducers

29
Q

Nucleic acid structure

A

Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar

30
Q

tRNA function and structure

A

Clover leaf

Read nucleic acid message and translate them into proteins

31
Q

mRNA function

A

Transcription

DNA to mRNA

32
Q

Hydrophilic …. is …… and ……

A

Head

Polar and water loving

33
Q

Hydrophobic ….. is …… and …..

A

Nonpolar

Repels water

Biological&Chemical Systems (18 decks)

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