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Biological&Chemical Systems > Meiosis And Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Meiosis And Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Carries the genetic code

Natural polymer of nucleotides

A

DNA

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2
Q

Made from molecules of DNA that store genetic information

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Different forms of a gene

A

Alleles

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4
Q

A sex cell

A

Gamete

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5
Q

46 cells

Fertilised egg

A

Zygote

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6
Q

Collection of alleles

Genetic makeup

A

Genotype

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7
Q

When a genotype interacts with the environment

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

Allele always expressed

A

Dominant

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9
Q

Only expressed in absence of dominant allele

A

Recessive

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10
Q

AA / aa

Aa

A

Homozygous

Heterozygous

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11
Q

Genetic variant

A

Different version of a gene

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12
Q

Organisms complete set of DNA

A

Genome

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13
Q

Technique to work out the genome

A

Genome sequencing

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14
Q

Carries the same gene

A

Homologous

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15
Q

Half the chromosome number

A

Haploid

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16
Q

Complete chromosome number

A

Diploid

17
Q

Double checks duplicated chromosomes

A

Interphase

18
Q

DNA synthesis replicates genetic material, x2 chromatids

A

S-phase

19
Q

Chromosome pair up at synapsis
Aligns with homologues partner
Crossing over may occur (synaptonmal protein)
Spindle fibres emerge from centrosomes

A

Prophase I

20
Q

Homologues chromosomes line at equatorial pole

Attaches spindle fibres

A

Metaphase I

21
Q

Spindle fibres pull homologues chromosomes apart

Reduction phase

A

Anaphase I

22
Q

Homologues decondense

Nuclear envelope reforms

A

Telophase I and II

23
Q

Cytoplasm divides

2 haploid cells

A

Cytokinesis in meiosis I

24
Q

Meiosis II has no initial …

A

S phase

25
Q

In meiosis II ….. are duplicated

A

Centrosomes

26
Q

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope fragments
New spindles form
Kinetochores of each chromosome attach

A

Prophase II

27
Q

Each sister chromatid forms kinetochore and attach to microtubules from opposite poles
Align at equator

A

Metaphase II

28
Q

Sister chromatids pulled apart

Division of centromeres=individual chromosomes

A

Anaphase II

29
Q

Two cells into four genetically unique haploid cells

A

Cytokinesis II

30
Q

Cell cycle arrest

A

G0

31
Q

When does an exchange of chromatid parts via crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

32
Q

Random assortment in metaphase I?

A

Random lining up of homologous chromosomes- randomly distributed

33
Q

Many possible combination to produce a greater genetic variability.
Greater opportunities to adapt to environment

A

Genetic variation

34
Q

Diploid and haploid alternates

A

Plants

Biological&Chemical Systems (18 decks)

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