Genes And Proteins

Question 1

Size of genes and proteins ranked

Answer 1

1. DNA duplex
2. Nucleosome
3. Chromatin fibre
4. Coiled chromatin fibre
5. Coiled coil
6. Condensed chromatid

Question 2

DNA —-> mRNA

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

mRNA —-> Protein

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

Variety of amino acid …… gives rise to variation of protein structure and function

Answer 4

Side chains

Question 5

Amino acid structure

Answer 5

Amino group
Carboxyl group
Side chain

Question 6

Both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm

Answer 6

PROKARYOTES

Question 7

Transcription in nuclear, translation in cytoplasm

Answer 7

EUKARYOTES

Question 8

Shifts the reading frame mutation

Answer 8

Frameshift mutation

Question 9

Genetic code is …. and ….

Answer 9

Degenerate and universal

Question 10

Translation to a protein is ….. and ……

Answer 10

Systematic

Co-linear

Question 11

3/64 …. terminate protein synthesis and release a polypeptide chain

Answer 11

Stop codon

Question 12

The added enzymes in follow up experiment to degrade components.
…. destroys DNA so unable to transform cells

Answer 12

RNase
Protease
DNase

Question 13

In prokaryotes. …………. recognises sequences above promoter regions

Answer 13

Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase

Question 14

RNA polymerase function in prokaryotes (4)

Answer 14

1. Separate DNA so DNA-RNA duplex can form
2. Elongate transcript nucleotide by 1
3. Release finished transcript
4. Restore DNA double helix

Question 15

RNA Polymerase contains separate channels for the entry of …. and exil of ….,

Answer 15

Trinucleotides

RNA transcript and transcribed DNA

Question 16

The RNA transcript that comes off template DNA

Answer 16

Primary transcript

Question 17

Contains information for more than one gene

Answer 17

Polycistronic mRNA

Question 18

Insensitive RNA

Answer 18

RNA Polymerase I

Question 19

Extremely sensitive

Answer 19

RNA Polymerase II

Question 20

Moderate sensitive

Answer 20

RNA Polymerase III

Question 21

RNA polymerase and associated proteins bind to ….. at the promoter sequence

Answer 21

DNA Duplex

Question 22

Promotes contain a …. box

First nucleotide transcribed from ….

Answer 22

TATA

25 base pairs

Question 23

5 steps to eukaryotic transcription

Answer 23

1. General transcription factors bind to promoter
   Transcriptional activator proteins bing to enhancers
2. Looping of DNA brings factors&proteins&enzymes close together
3. RNA Polymerase II adds nucleotides
   4.Incoming ribonucleotides accepted
4. 3’-OH attack’s phosphate bond to provide energy
5. Pyrophosphate released to make attachments permanent

Question 24

Shine-Dalgarno sequence contains …

Answer 24

Protein-coding region and 3’ untranslated region

Question 25

Primary transcript undergoes …..

Answer 25

RNA processing

Question 26

5’ cap consists of….

Answer 26

Modified base linked by 5’ carbon —-> 5’ end of primary transcript
Bridge of 3 phosphate

Question 27

poly(A)tail

Answer 27

250 consecutive adenine

Question 28

Enables a cut one end of intron and connects to nucleotide near

Answer 28

Spliceosome

Question 29

Same gene spliced in different ways to yield mRNA

Answer 29

Alternative splicing