Metabolism

Question 1

Four metabolic pathways

Answer 1

Oxidative pathways- convert food into energy
fuel storage pathways
biosynthetic pathways
detoxification pathways

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

Use energy and more materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance

Question 3

Sources of nutrients

Answer 3

Carbohydrates
proteins
fats
minerals
vitamins
water
Vipers

Question 4

Structure of carbohydrates

Answer 4

(CH 20)n

aldehyde or ketone

Question 5

Carbohydrates disaccharide’s

Answer 5

Sucrose and glucose= fructose
glucose and glucose= Maltose
glucose and galactose= lactose

Question 6

Carbohydrate polymer

Answer 6

Starch plants

glycogen animals

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

20 different amino acids
peptide bonds
nine essential amino acids

Question 8

Nine essential amino acids

Answer 8

If isoleucine
learned lysine
this threonine
huge histadine
list leucine
May methionine
prove phenyl alanine
truly tryptophan
valuable failing

Question 9

fats

Answer 9

Lipids composered of triacylglycerols
saturated and unsaturated trans
into much less oxygen than carbohydrates or proteins yield more energy when oxidised

Question 10

Essential fatty acids

Answer 10

linoleic and linolenic

Question 11

Minerals and electrolytes

Answer 11

Electrolytes establish I’m going to cut membranes and the team would balance

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

Polymer of glucose

beta 1-4 linkage don’t have enzymes required to break it down

Question 13

low fibre intake associated with

Answer 13

Constipation and bowel cancer

Question 14

Nutrition requirements

Answer 14

Reference nutrient intake RNLI 97.5% of population
estimated average requirement E AR 50%
Lower reference nutrient intake 2.5

Question 15

Energy requirements vary between individuals depending on

Answer 15

Age
sex
body composition
physical activity

Question 16

Energy daily expenditure some of

Answer 16

Basal metabolic rate
diet induced thermogenesis
physical activity levels

Question 17

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 17

Maintenance of cells
skeletal muscles 30%
liver 20%
brain 20%
heart 10%
other 20%

Question 18

Short-term energy stores

Answer 18

Muscle- a few seconds

Question 19

Under extreme conditions or can be used for energy

Answer 19

Muscle

Question 20

What is obesity

Answer 20

Assessor fat accumulation in adipocyte tissues which impairs health
BMI greater than 30

Question 21

BMI

Answer 21

Weight kilograms/height squared m squared

Question 22

Kwashiorkor

Answer 22

Calorie intake normal, low protein intake
Kwashiorkor
odeama
anerexica
larphargic
apathetic

Body needs essential amino acids from diet therefore the body is unable to sympathise some essential proteins

Liver unable to synthesise library proteins to transport fat, therefore fat builds up in liver, liver therefore doesn’t function properly and can make albumin, albumin deficiency leads to oedema

Question 23

marasmus

Answer 23

Insufficient energy intake- negative energy balance
metabolise fat stores, that’s converted to ketone bodies used for central nervous system
Central nervous system and red blood cells cannot use fatty acids zany glucose
not enough carbohydrate and glucose is consumed
glucose release from glycogen stores in the liver
muscle protein is broken down as last resort for gluconeogenesis- results in loss of muscle protein

Severe body fat and muscle mass loss
unable to repair and replace tissue such as gasinal intestnsl track
heart muscle thins impaired function bradycardia