DNA Flashcards
Heterochromatin
Solenoid 30nm fibre Genes are not expressed
euchromatin
The administering genes expressed
What effect does methylation and acetylation have gene expression
Methylation= mutes acetylation= activates
Why does DNA have major and minor groups
Sugars are asymmetrically bound To base
Which DNA allows protein binding
Major groove is great distance between phosphate backbone
How many base pairs as one for maternal DNA have
10
Tell me about histone Proteins
Positively charged, DNA is negatively charged
histone proteins made of four proteins, each one is a dimer, therefore comes as Octomer
bead on string structure DNA wrapped around histone protein twice
Explain the packing of DNA from to chromosomes
DNA double helix- beads on a string 2nm-solenoid 30nm-chromatin loops- chromosome
What is a gene
a gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome as code for a protein
Where do you find genes
Genes have chromosomal locations
What is the human genome
The human genome is the entire DNA sequence, the human genome consists of 24 chromosomes, 22 autosomes and two sex chromosomes X and Y
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, what is meant by nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are polynucleotides linear polymers of nucleotides
Describe the structure of a nucleotide
pentose sugar, which is either deoxyribose no 2’OH od DNA or is ribose for RNA
Nitrogenous base on 1’ carbon or sugar
Negative phosphates on 5’ carbon
What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide
A nucleoside does not have the 5’C phosphate
What other types of nitrogenous bases you get
purine = 2 ring Adenine and Guanine pyrimidine = 1 ring Cytosine, Thymine (Uracil in RNA)
