energy reactions in cells

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

Metabolism is the set of processes which derive energy and raw material from foodstuffs and use them to support repair growth and activity of the tissue of the body to sustain life

Question 2

Two main types of metabolic pathways

Answer 2

Catabolism

anabolism

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

Breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones
release large amounts of free energy
oxidative- release hydrogen atoms- reducing power

Question 4

anabolism

Answer 4

Synthesises large important similar components from intermediary metabolites
use only really strong catabolism ATP
reductive (i.e. uses the hydrogen release from catabolism)

Question 5

Four products of catabolic metabolism

Answer 5

1. Building block materials
2. Organic precursors (acetyl coA)
3. Biosynthetic reducing power NADH NADPH
4. ATP

Question 6

What kind of work do cells do

Answer 6

1. Synthetic work (Anabolism)
2. Transport - membranes
3. Specialised functions
   ~electrical work
   ~mechanical work
   ~osmotic work

Question 7

Energy requirements of the body can be broken into three categories

Answer 7

Basal metabolic rate
activity(muscular work)
specific dynamic action of food

Question 8

What happens when the energy intake of our food is greater than the energy requirement

Answer 8

1> growth- since as a new tissue

2. Production of adipose tissue

Question 9

What kind of energy is used to drive reactions

Answer 9

Chemical Bond energy

Question 10

Characteristic energy changes can be two types

Answer 10

exogonic-release energy

endogonic-require energy

Question 11

A exogonic reaction has what kind of Gibbs free energy

Answer 11

Negative therefore is spontaneous

Question 12

What is the change in the Gibbs free energy indicate

Answer 12

Whether the reaction spontaneous

it does not indicate the rate

Question 13

Redox reactions

Answer 13

Oxidation is loss
reduction is gain
of electrons

Question 14

Hydrogen carriers molecules contain what vitamin

Answer 14

B

Question 15

NADH using production of

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

ATP+ H2O-> ADP+PI what is the change in the Gibbs free energy

Answer 16

-31 kJ per mole

therefore the reaction of spontaneous

Question 17

ADP+Pi-> ATP+H20 how is this reaction driven

Answer 17

+31 kJ per mole
energy released is exergonic corrections used to drive
part of the free energy can serve as the chemical bond energy of the terminal phosphate group of ATP

Question 18

When ATP is high what kind of pathways are activated

Answer 18

anabolic

Question 19

High energy signals activate what

Answer 19

anabolic pathways
ATP
NADH
NADPH
FADH2

Question 20

Low energy signals activate what

Answer 20

Catabolic pathways
ADP
AMP
NAD+
NADP+
FAD

Question 21

What are some of the most common energy storages

Answer 21

Glycogen

triglycerides

Question 22

Some cells need to increase metabolic activity very quickly such as skeletal muscles what kind of energy stores do they also have

Answer 22

PhosphoCreatine

Question 23

When is phosphocreatine produced

Answer 23

When ATP concentrations are high

if HP concentrations for suddenly the reaction reverses providing short-term boost of ATP

Question 24

Enzyme that makes the phosphorcreatine

Answer 24

Creatine kinase

Question 25

Isoforms of creatine kinase

Answer 25

MM muscle
BB brain
MB cardiac

Question 26

What does both creatine and phosphocreatin spontaneously break down to

Answer 26

Creatinine