krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorlaion

Question 1

what enzymes converts pyruvate into acetyl coA

Answer 1

pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Question 2

how does pyruvate enter the kreb cycle

Answer 2

acetyl COA

Question 3

overall reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 3

pyruvate (3C) +CoA +NAD+ -> Acetyl CoA +NADH + H+

Question 4

Pyruvate is transported from where to where

Answer 4

cytoplasm across mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

PDH has how many subuints

Answer 5

5

Question 6

PDH relies on what vitamine

Answer 6

B1

Question 7

WHy does PDH rely on Vitamin B1

Answer 7

cofactors of PHD rely on it

Question 8

why is the converstion of pyruvate to Actyle CoA irreversible. how is it made irrerverible

Answer 8

to drive the reaction in one direction

loss on CO2

Question 9

What can PDH deficiency lead to

Answer 9

lactic acidosis

Question 10

where does the kreb cycle occur

Answer 10

mitochondrial matrix

Question 11

in the kreb cycle was what actyle get converted to

Answer 11

2CO2

Question 12

kreb cycle is oxidative what cofactors does it reduce

Answer 12

NAD+ FAD

Question 13

What energy does the kreb cycle make

Answer 13

GTP

Question 14

How many kreb cycles for each glucose

Answer 14

2 as get two pyruvates

Question 15

what steps of the kreb cycles are regulated

Answer 15

irreversible steps, steps where co2 lost

Question 16

how is the kreb cycle regulated

Answer 16

regulated by energy availability
stimulate ADP
inhibit: ATP

Question 17

what does TCA make intermediates for

Answer 17

biosynthesis

Question 18

TCA is central catabolism pathway for what

Answer 18

sugars,fatty acids, ketons bodies, amino acids and alchol

Question 19

what does the TCA need to fuction

Answer 19

o2

Question 20

where has all the energy from glucose been stored

Answer 20

ATP glycolsis
GTP Kreb
chemical bond energ in NADH and FADH2
HIgh energy electrons in NADH and FADH2 transferred to O2 with the release of large amounts of energy

Question 21

in oxidative phosphorylation O2 is reducted to

Answer 21

H20

Question 22

Reducting powers are used in 2 ways in ATP synthesis

Answer 22

electrons used for ETC pump protons

free energy released used to drive atp unthesis oxidative phosphorlayion

Question 23

which part of the mitochondria is the O2 reduced to H20 in

Answer 23

mitochondrial matrix

Question 24

which part of the mitochondria is the proton gradient build up in

Answer 24

intermembrane space

Question 25

what complexs transport the protins from the matrix to the intermembrane space of the mitchondria

Answer 25

proton transloacting

Question 26

proton gradient across the intermembrane space is known as

Answer 26

proton motive force

Question 27

the return of protons back to the matrix is favpured by

Answer 27

electrical and chemiscal gradient

Question 28

protons retunr across the membrane via

Answer 28

ATP synthase

Question 29

what is used to generate the proton gradient

Answer 29

the flow of electrons form the reducted cofactos to molecular oxygen

Question 30

electron in which reducted coenzymes have more energy

Answer 30

NADH

Question 31

P/O ratio of NADH

Answer 31

2.5

Question 32

P/O ration of FADH2

Answer 32

1.5

Question 33

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorlyation

Answer 33

cyanide. binds to heam in O2 blocks electron tranpsort

Question 34

uncoupling of oxidatibe phosporyaltion

Answer 34

increase the permeability of the mitchodnrial inner membrane to protons
no ATP synthases

Question 35

example of an uncoupler

Answer 35

dinitrophenol

Question 36

ox/phos

Answer 36

genetics defects in proteins encoded by mitochodntraol DNA some subunits of the PTC and ATP synthase

Question 37

brown adi[ose UCP1 mechanisms

Answer 37

noradenraline
actives liapses which releases fatty acid from triacylglycer
fatty acid oxidation NADH2/FADH2 electron transport
farry acids activates UCP1
UCP1 transport H+ back into mitochondra