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Exercise Physiology > Metabolic Response to exercise > Flashcards

Metabolic Response to exercise Flashcards

1
Q

almost 100% of ATP is produced by what type of metabolism

A

aerobic

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2
Q

what is the resting O2 consumption

A

.25L/min

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3
Q

what 2 things increase rapidly when you go from rest to exercise transitions

A

ATP production and Oxygen uptake

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4
Q

how long does it take to reach a steady state when you begin to exercise

A

1-4 minutes

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5
Q

define oxygen deficit

A

lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise

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6
Q

compare the oxygen deficit in trained and untrained subjects

A
  1. Trained: have a lower oxygen deficit
    - their aerobic bioenergetic capacity is better
    - results in less production of lactate and H+
  2. untrained: have higher levels of oxygen deficit
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7
Q

define steady state

A

when your ventilation levels off

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8
Q

define oxygen debt

A

term used to describe recovery from exercise

-repayment for O2 deficit at onset of exercise

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9
Q

what does EPOC stand for and what is it used to describe

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

-repayment for O2 deficit at onset of exercise

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10
Q

what is involved in the rapid portion of O2 debt

A
  1. resynthesis of stored PC

2. replenishing of muscle and blood O2 stores

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11
Q

what is involved in the slow portion of O2 debt

A
  1. elevated heart rate and breathing=energy need
  2. elevated body temp=metabolic rate
  3. elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolic rate
  4. conversion of lactic acid to glucose
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12
Q

do you ever reach a steady state during intense exercise?

A

no because your heart rate cant catch up to the ventilation

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13
Q

when is EPOC the greatest

A

following higher intensity exercise

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14
Q

what does increase heat during exercise do

A

it lowers the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin

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15
Q

define the anaerobic threshold

A

lactate levels increase

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16
Q

what was the classical theory regarding the removal of lactic acid following exercise

A

majority of lactic acid is converted to glucose in the liver

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17
Q

what is the more recent evidence regarding the removal of lactic acid following exercise

A

70% of lactic acid is oxidized and used as a substrate by the heart and skeletal muscle
20% is converted to glucose
10% is converted to amino acids

18
Q

when is lactic acid removed more rapidly

A

during light exercise

-optimal intensity is 30-40$ VO2 max

19
Q

what are the metabolic responses to short term intense exercise

A
  1. First 1-5 seconds, ATP through ATP-PC system is used
  2. longer than 5 seconds: glycolysis
  3. longer than 45 seconds: ATP production through aTP-PC, glycolysis, and aerobic systems

at 60 seconds 70% anaerobic
at 2 minutes 50% anaerobic

20
Q

what are the metabolic responses to prolonged exercise

A
  1. exercise lasting longer that 10 minutes
    - aerobic metabolism
    - steady state oxygen uptake can generally be maintained during submaximal exercise
  2. in a hot/humid environment or high intensity
    - upward drift in oxygen uptake over time due to increased body temp and epinephrine and norepinephrine
21
Q

how long does oxygen uptake continue to increase

A

increases linearly until VO2 max is reached which means that even if you continue to increase the work rate, you cannot increase you O@ intake

22
Q

how is VO2 max affected

A

by genetics and training

23
Q

what are 2 physiological factors influencing VO2 max

A
  1. max ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the muscle
  2. ability of muscles to use oxygen and produce ATP aerobically
24
Q

what are four things that explain the lactate threshold

A
  1. low muscle oxygen
  2. accelerated glycolysis
  3. recruitment of fast-twitch fibers
  4. reduced rate of lactate removal

you want to train above threshold in order to improve

25
Q

what are practical uses of the lactate threshold

A
  1. prediction of performance combined with VO2 max
  2. planning training programs
    - choose training HR based on LT
26
Q

does lactate cause muscle soreness

A

no, soreness is due to delayed onset muscle soreness

27
Q

during low intensity exercise (<30$ VO2 max) what is the primary fuel being used

A

fats

28
Q

during high intensity exercise (>70% VO2 max) what is the primary fuel being used

A

carbohydrates

29
Q

what is the crossover concept

A

describes the shift from fat to CHO metabolism as exercise intensity increases due to the recruitment of fast muscle fibers and increasing blood levels of epinephrine

30
Q

is low intensity best for burning fat?

A

no, the total fat oxidation is low

-during more intense exercise total fat oxidation is higher and total energy expended is higher

31
Q

What is the fuel selection during prolonged low intensity exercise

A

-it is a shift from carb to fat metabolism dur to an increased rate of lipolysis
(breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and FFA
-stimulated by rising blood levels of epinephrine

32
Q

muscle glycogen

A
  1. primary source of carbs during high intensity exercise

2. supplies much of the carbs in the first hour of exercise

33
Q

blood glucose

A

from liver glycogenolysis

  • primary source of carbs during low intensity exercise
  • important during long duration exercise as muscle glycogen levels decline
34
Q

what are 3 branched chain amino acids

A

leucine
isoleucine
valine

35
Q

what are 2 sources of fat during exercise

A
  1. intramuscular triglycerides

2. plasma FFA

36
Q

intramuscular triglycerides

A

primary source of fat during higher intensity exercise

37
Q

plasma FFA

A
  • from adipose tissue lipolysis
  • FFA converted to acetyl-CoA and enters krebs cycle
  • primary source of fat during LOW intensity exercise
  • becomes more important as muscle triglyceride levels decline in long duration exercise
38
Q

sources of protein during exercise

A

proteins broken down into amino acids

  • muscle can directly metabolize branch chain amino acids and alanine
  • liver can convert alanine to glucose
39
Q

what is the enzyme that degrades proteins

A

proteases

40
Q

describe lactate as a fuel source

A
  1. can be used as a fuel source by skeletal muscle and the heart
    - it is converted to acetly-CoA and enters the krebs cycle
  2. can be converted to glucose in the liver(cori cycle)
  3. lactate shuttle
    - lactate produced in one tissue and transported to another

Exercise Physiology (8 decks)

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