Exercise and Cellular Metabolism Flashcards
what are the 3 main regions of the cell
plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
what are the 3 main regions of the nucleus
- nuclear envelope: double bi layer of phospholipids, nuclear pores allow for exchange
- nucelolus: ribosome production, ribosomes migrate to cytoplasm through nuclear pores
- chromatin
what synthesis is dictated by the nucleus
protein synthesis
what is cholesterols purpose on the plasma membrane
cell integrity
what are glycoproteins function on the plasma membrane
outside of cell, immune system helps identify what cells belong to the body
what is another name for cytoplasm
cytosol
what makes up the cytoplasm
organelles
inclusions (non functioning parts)
fluid medium
what does exercise stiumulate
production of mitochondria so the body can produce more ATP
exocytosis
process of a substance being excreted by a vesicle
evaginates with the cell membrane
endocytosis
invaginate
ribosomes
made of protein and RNA sites of protein synthesis found in 2 locations 1. free in the cytoplasm 2. attached to rough ER
endoplasmic reticulum
fluid filled tubules for carrying substance
- rough: studded with ribosomes, site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed
- smooth: functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs
golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins produces different types of packages 1. secretory vesicles 2. cell membrane components 3. lysosomes( destroys cell debris)
mitochondria
- changes shape continuously
- carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
- provides ATP for cellular energy
cytokeleton
network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
-provides the cell with an internal framework
- microtubules (tubulin)
- intermediate filaments (actin)
- microfilaments
types of membrane transport
active and passive
definition of solution, solvent, and solute
solution: homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components
solvent: dissolving medium
solute: components in smaller quantities within a solution
intracellular fluid
nucleoplasm and cytosol
interstitial fluid
fluid on the exterior of the cell
hypotonic
more water than solute, water moves into the cell
hypertonic
more solute than water, water moves out of cell
types of passive transport
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis
- filtration
what are some reasons why some substances cannot pass through with diffusion
- too large
- may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane
- they may have to move against a concentration gradient
2 types of active transport
- solute pumping
2. bulk transport (endo and exocytosis
what is DNA replication
this is when genetic material duplicates and readies a cell for division
occurs at the end of interphase
DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template
what are the 4 nucleotides of DNA
guanine
cytosine
adenine
thymine
what protein is in transcription
mRNA
protein synthesis
- define gene
- functions of proteins
- what is essential for protein synthesis
- DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein
- building materials for cells, act as enzymes
- RNA
function of tRNA
transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein
function of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
helps form the ribosome where proteins are built
function of mRNA
carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
