Exercise and Cellular Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main regions of the cell

A

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm

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2
Q

what are the 3 main regions of the nucleus

A
  1. nuclear envelope: double bi layer of phospholipids, nuclear pores allow for exchange
  2. nucelolus: ribosome production, ribosomes migrate to cytoplasm through nuclear pores
  3. chromatin
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3
Q

what synthesis is dictated by the nucleus

A

protein synthesis

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4
Q

what is cholesterols purpose on the plasma membrane

A

cell integrity

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5
Q

what are glycoproteins function on the plasma membrane

A

outside of cell, immune system helps identify what cells belong to the body

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6
Q

what is another name for cytoplasm

A

cytosol

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7
Q

what makes up the cytoplasm

A

organelles
inclusions (non functioning parts)
fluid medium

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8
Q

what does exercise stiumulate

A

production of mitochondria so the body can produce more ATP

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9
Q

exocytosis

A

process of a substance being excreted by a vesicle

evaginates with the cell membrane

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10
Q

endocytosis

A

invaginate

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11
Q

ribosomes

A
made of protein and RNA
sites of protein synthesis
found in 2 locations
1. free in the cytoplasm
2. attached to rough ER
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12
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

fluid filled tubules for carrying substance

  1. rough: studded with ribosomes, site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed
  2. smooth: functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs
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13
Q

golgi apparatus

A
modifies and packages proteins
produces different types of packages
1. secretory vesicles
2. cell membrane components
3. lysosomes( destroys cell debris)
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14
Q

mitochondria

A
  • changes shape continuously
  • carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
  • provides ATP for cellular energy
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15
Q

cytokeleton

A

network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
-provides the cell with an internal framework

  1. microtubules (tubulin)
  2. intermediate filaments (actin)
  3. microfilaments
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16
Q

types of membrane transport

A

active and passive

17
Q

definition of solution, solvent, and solute

A

solution: homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components

solvent: dissolving medium
solute: components in smaller quantities within a solution

18
Q

intracellular fluid

A

nucleoplasm and cytosol

19
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid on the exterior of the cell

20
Q

hypotonic

A

more water than solute, water moves into the cell

21
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute than water, water moves out of cell

22
Q

types of passive transport

A
  1. simple diffusion
  2. facilitated diffusion
  3. osmosis
  4. filtration
23
Q

what are some reasons why some substances cannot pass through with diffusion

A
  1. too large
  2. may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane
  3. they may have to move against a concentration gradient
24
Q

2 types of active transport

A
  1. solute pumping

2. bulk transport (endo and exocytosis

25
what is DNA replication
this is when genetic material duplicates and readies a cell for division occurs at the end of interphase DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template
26
what are the 4 nucleotides of DNA
guanine cytosine adenine thymine
27
what protein is in transcription
mRNA
28
protein synthesis 1. define gene 2. functions of proteins 3. what is essential for protein synthesis
1. DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein 2. building materials for cells, act as enzymes 3. RNA
29
function of tRNA
transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein
30
function of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
helps form the ribosome where proteins are built
31
function of mRNA
carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome