Exercise and Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

what are the 3 main regions of the cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm

Question 2

what are the 3 main regions of the nucleus

Answer 2

1. nuclear envelope: double bi layer of phospholipids, nuclear pores allow for exchange
2. nucelolus: ribosome production, ribosomes migrate to cytoplasm through nuclear pores
3. chromatin

Question 3

what synthesis is dictated by the nucleus

Answer 3

protein synthesis

Question 4

what is cholesterols purpose on the plasma membrane

Answer 4

cell integrity

Question 5

what are glycoproteins function on the plasma membrane

Answer 5

outside of cell, immune system helps identify what cells belong to the body

Question 6

what is another name for cytoplasm

Answer 6

cytosol

Question 7

what makes up the cytoplasm

Answer 7

organelles
inclusions (non functioning parts)
fluid medium

Question 8

what does exercise stiumulate

Answer 8

production of mitochondria so the body can produce more ATP

Question 9

exocytosis

Answer 9

process of a substance being excreted by a vesicle

evaginates with the cell membrane

Question 10

endocytosis

Answer 10

invaginate

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

made of protein and RNA
sites of protein synthesis
found in 2 locations
1. free in the cytoplasm
2. attached to rough ER

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

fluid filled tubules for carrying substance

1. rough: studded with ribosomes, site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed
2. smooth: functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs

Question 13

golgi apparatus

Answer 13

modifies and packages proteins
produces different types of packages
1. secretory vesicles
2. cell membrane components
3. lysosomes( destroys cell debris)

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

• changes shape continuously
• carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
• provides ATP for cellular energy

Question 15

cytokeleton

Answer 15

network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
-provides the cell with an internal framework

1. microtubules (tubulin)
2. intermediate filaments (actin)
3. microfilaments

Question 16

types of membrane transport

Answer 16

active and passive

Question 17

definition of solution, solvent, and solute

Answer 17

solution: homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components

solvent: dissolving medium
solute: components in smaller quantities within a solution

Question 18

intracellular fluid

Answer 18

nucleoplasm and cytosol

Question 19

interstitial fluid

Answer 19

fluid on the exterior of the cell

Question 20

hypotonic

Answer 20

more water than solute, water moves into the cell

Question 21

hypertonic

Answer 21

more solute than water, water moves out of cell

Question 22

types of passive transport

Answer 22

1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis
4. filtration

Question 23

what are some reasons why some substances cannot pass through with diffusion

Answer 23

1. too large
2. may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane
3. they may have to move against a concentration gradient

Question 24

2 types of active transport

Answer 24

1. solute pumping

2. bulk transport (endo and exocytosis

Question 25

what is DNA replication

Answer 25

this is when genetic material duplicates and readies a cell for division

occurs at the end of interphase
DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template

Question 26

what are the 4 nucleotides of DNA

Answer 26

guanine
cytosine
adenine
thymine

Question 27

what protein is in transcription

Answer 27

mRNA

Question 28

protein synthesis

1. define gene
2. functions of proteins
3. what is essential for protein synthesis

Answer 28

1. DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein
2. building materials for cells, act as enzymes
3. RNA

Question 29

function of tRNA

Answer 29

transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein

Question 30

function of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 30

helps form the ribosome where proteins are built

Question 31

function of mRNA

Answer 31

carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome