exercise and immune function Flashcards
define immunity
all mechanisms used to protect the body against foreign agents such as
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
what are the 3 components/systems involved in the immune system
- cellular and chemical components
- innate immune system
- acquired immune system
what are the 3 components of the innate immune system
- compliment proteins
- cellular components
- physical barriers
what are the cellular components of the innate immune system
- natural killer cells: destroy viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells, gives off cytokines
- Phagocytes:
- macrophages: located in tissues and produce cytokines that stimulate the immune response
- neutrophils: exit the blood to enter tissues
what are the physical barriers of the innate immune system
- skin
- mucus membranes
- respiratory and reproductive tracts and gut
what is the complement system
it is part of the innate immune system that
- attach to the surface of a foreign agent
- destroys bacteria by making a hole in the surface
- tags surface of bacteria
- serves a s chemoattractant
Explain Acute Inflammation
Acute inflammation is the short term response to an injury such as a papercut
- vasodilation: due to bradykinins from phagocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils
- increased blood fllow which causes edema
- Pain is caused by kinins
explain chronic inflammation
persistent infection of prolonged immune response
1. increased circulation of cytokines and c-reactive protein
What is the acquired immune system
- an adaptive immune response: recognize and remember certain pathogens
what are the major cells involved in the acquired immune system
- b cells: secrete antibodies
- T cells: recognize protein anitgens
- Antibodies: fight against foreign antigens
- antigens: stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies
- Killer T cells: cytotoxic T cells, kill virus infected cells
- helper t cells: secrete cytokines that enhance immunity
- regulatory t cells: prevent immune system from attacking antigens
what effect does exercise have on upper respiratory tract infection
- people who engage in regular moderate exercise are at lower risk of URTIs
- 18-67% - risk is much higher for people who engage in INTENSE exercise
how long should you exercise to reduce the risk of URTI
20-40 minutes at 40-60% VO2 max
why is regular exercise beneficial for reducing URTI
exercise causes boosts in the innate immune system
what are some factors for athletes affecting the susceptibility to infection
- increased exporsure to pathogens
- exercise induced immune suppression
- inadequate diet
- mental stress
- lack of sleep
when you are sick, when is it ok to exercise
when the sickness is not in your lungs, fever, or if you are fatigued