exercise and immune function Flashcards

1
Q

define immunity

A

all mechanisms used to protect the body against foreign agents such as

  1. bacteria
  2. viruses
  3. fungi
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2
Q

what are the 3 components/systems involved in the immune system

A
  1. cellular and chemical components
  2. innate immune system
  3. acquired immune system
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3
Q

what are the 3 components of the innate immune system

A
  1. compliment proteins
  2. cellular components
  3. physical barriers
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4
Q

what are the cellular components of the innate immune system

A
  1. natural killer cells: destroy viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells, gives off cytokines
  2. Phagocytes:
    - macrophages: located in tissues and produce cytokines that stimulate the immune response
    - neutrophils: exit the blood to enter tissues
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5
Q

what are the physical barriers of the innate immune system

A
  1. skin
  2. mucus membranes
    - respiratory and reproductive tracts and gut
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6
Q

what is the complement system

A

it is part of the innate immune system that

  1. attach to the surface of a foreign agent
  2. destroys bacteria by making a hole in the surface
  3. tags surface of bacteria
  4. serves a s chemoattractant
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7
Q

Explain Acute Inflammation

A

Acute inflammation is the short term response to an injury such as a papercut

  1. vasodilation: due to bradykinins from phagocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils
  2. increased blood fllow which causes edema
  3. Pain is caused by kinins
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8
Q

explain chronic inflammation

A

persistent infection of prolonged immune response

1. increased circulation of cytokines and c-reactive protein

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9
Q

What is the acquired immune system

A
  1. an adaptive immune response: recognize and remember certain pathogens
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10
Q

what are the major cells involved in the acquired immune system

A
  1. b cells: secrete antibodies
  2. T cells: recognize protein anitgens
  3. Antibodies: fight against foreign antigens
  4. antigens: stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies
  5. Killer T cells: cytotoxic T cells, kill virus infected cells
  6. helper t cells: secrete cytokines that enhance immunity
  7. regulatory t cells: prevent immune system from attacking antigens
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11
Q

what effect does exercise have on upper respiratory tract infection

A
  1. people who engage in regular moderate exercise are at lower risk of URTIs
    - 18-67%
  2. risk is much higher for people who engage in INTENSE exercise
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12
Q

how long should you exercise to reduce the risk of URTI

A

20-40 minutes at 40-60% VO2 max

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13
Q

why is regular exercise beneficial for reducing URTI

A

exercise causes boosts in the innate immune system

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14
Q

what are some factors for athletes affecting the susceptibility to infection

A
  1. increased exporsure to pathogens
  2. exercise induced immune suppression
  3. inadequate diet
  4. mental stress
  5. lack of sleep
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15
Q

when you are sick, when is it ok to exercise

A

when the sickness is not in your lungs, fever, or if you are fatigued

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16
Q

what type of diet negatively affects the immune system

A

a high fat diet

17
Q

what amino acid is important in immune function

A

glutamine

18
Q

what factors lower muscle glutamine levels

A
sepsis
injury
burns
surgery
endurance exercise