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Biochemistry > Metabolic Flux > Flashcards

Metabolic Flux Flashcards

1
Q

The allosteric modulation binds ___.

A

Noncovalently

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2
Q

Protein kinase is a ___ reaction.

A

Transferase reaction

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3
Q

Phosphoprotein phosphatase is a ___ reaction.

A

Hydrolysis reaction

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4
Q

Effectors that inhibit activity are termed?

A

Negative effectors

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5
Q

Effectors that increase enzyme activity are called?

A

Positive effectors

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6
Q

Is Glucose-6-phosphate a positive or negative effector?

A

Negative effector

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7
Q

Is glucose-6-phosphate a homotropic effect?

A

Yes; immediate substrate or product of the enzyme which serves as an allosteric effector.

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8
Q

is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate a positive or negative effector?

A

Positive

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9
Q

Is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate a heterotropic effector?

A

Yes; an allosteric effector who is neither the immediate substrate or product of the enzyme

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10
Q

ATP is a ______ effector.

A

Homotropic effector

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11
Q

Covalently modifiable enzymes will undergo the addition or removal of phosphate groups from specific ___, ___ or ___ residues of the enzyme.

A

Serine threonine or tyrosine

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12
Q

The majority of enzymes in any given cell are ___ allosterically or covalently modifiable.

A

Neither

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13
Q

HExokinase is inhibited by?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate

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14
Q

What inhibits PFK? (2)

A

ATP, Citrate

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15
Q

What activates PFK?

A

ADP, AMP, Fructose2,6-bisphosphate

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16
Q

What inhibits Pyruvate Kinase?

A

ATP

17
Q

What Activates Pyruvate kinase?

A

Fuructose 1,6-bisphosphatate

18
Q

Is Glucokinase inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate?

A

No!

19
Q

Is pyruvate kinase covalently modifiable?

A

Yes!

20
Q

Via the Law of Mass action, high concentrations of NADH and Acetyl CoA drive the E3 and E2 mechanisms____.

A

Backward

21
Q

When E1 is phosphorylated, it is on or off?

A

Off

22
Q

When E1 is dephosphorylated, it is on or off?

A

On

23
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase will turn on or off E1?

A

On

24
Q

Acetyl-CoA and NADH will turn E1 on or off?

A

Off

25
Q

Covalent regulations are under ___ control

A

Hormonal (Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and norepinephrine)

26
Q

Phosphodiesterase can quickly terminated what?

A

cAMP (2nd messenger)

27
Q

The ___ messenger initiates an amplification cascase

A

First

28
Q

Caffeine can inhibit ___.

A

Phosphodiesterase

29
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase can be caused by what two hormones?

A

Glucagon(liver) and Epinephrine (muscle and liver)

30
Q

When insuline is present, level of cAMP___.

A

Decrease

31
Q

Transcription factors are?

A

Nuclear proteins, when activated bind to a DNA’s response element and activate or repress the transcription of that gene. Leading to increased or decreased synthesis of the encoded protein.

32
Q

How long is the half-life of a protein?

A

Between 3 minutes and 20 hours

33
Q

What is the half-life of insulin?

A

5-7 minutes

34
Q

Ubituitination is a tag for what?

A

Destruction of defective protein. (Recycles garbage, makes amino acid)

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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