Lipids Flashcards
Lipids is a heterogeneous group of _____ organic molecules.
Water-insoluble (hydrophobic)
Lipids are a major source of energy with 1 gram equal to ___ kcal.
9
Fatty acid double bonds almost always have the cis configuration and this puts a__° bend in the hydrocarbon chain of unsaturated fatty acids.
30 degree
Rank the melting point from highest to least: Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid.
(High to Low) Stearic acid (70), Palmitic acid (63), Myristic acid (52), Lauric acid (44)
_____acid is the precursor of arachidonic acid, the substrate for prostaglandin synthesis.
Linoleic
_____ acid is the precursor for other omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA.
a-linoienic
Almost all fatty acids present in mammalian tissues are of the _____.
Straight-chain variety
Phytanic acid oxidase removes the methyl groups, but a genetic disease affecting this enzyme leads to _____ disease.
Refsum’s
_____ are fatty acid triesters of glycerol.
Triacylglycerols
1g of carb yields ___ kcals
4
1g of protein yields___kcals
4
•Sphingomyelinase deficiency • Enlarged liver and spleen filled with lipid • Severe mental retardation and neurodegeneration • Death in early childhood (Type A) What disease is this?
Niemann-Pick Disease
Ceramidase cleaves the ___ linkage of ceramide.
Amide
_____are most prevalent in the neuronal cell membranes of the brain.
Galactocerebrosides
_____ occur more frequently in the membranes of other tissues.
Glucocerebrosides
What is the precursor for Glucocerebrosides, Sulfatide, and Sphingomyelin?
Ceramide
Cholesterol has a fused ___ring planar system.
4
_____ is a precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones and vitamin D.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is classified as a _____ because of its OH group, and this polar OH group gives it weak amphiphilic character.
Sterol
Order the lipoproteins from greatest density to least: Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
(Most dense to least)
HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons
Order the lipoproteins from larges to smallest: HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons.
(Largest to smallest)
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
Digestion begins in the _____ where lingual and gastric lipase removes short and medium chain fatty acids from triacylglycerol
Stomach
Chylomicrons are released by exocytosis and they give the lymph a milky appearance which is called _____.
Chyle
