Carbohydrates Flashcards
_______ have the same number and kinds of atoms but different arrangement of the atoms.
Isomers
Is glucose a aldohexose or a ketohexos?
Aldohexos
Is fructose a aldohexose or a ketohexos?
Ketohexose
Glucose, an aldohexose and Fructose, an ketohexose is an example of what?
Isomers
______are isomers that differ in configuration around only one specific carbon atom.
Epimers
Galactose and Glucose are epimers or isomers?
C-4 epimers
Glucose and Mannose are isomers or epimers?
C-2 epimers
Glucose and fructose are isomers or epimers?
Isomers
Enzymes known as_____ are able to interconvert between two epimeric forms.
Epimerases
DDP-galactose uses which enzyme to become UDP-glucose
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
______ is a pair of molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of one another.
Enantiomers
The vast majority of the sugars in humans are D or L- sugars?
D-sugars
Enzymes known as _____ are able to interconvert D and L-isomers.
Racemases
Cyclization of monosaccharides creates an _____ carbon using the former carbonyl carbon.
Anomeric
A sugar with a 6-member ring is known as a _____.
Pyranose
A sugar with a 5 member ring is known as a _____.
Furanose
The _____ ring formed will generate either an alpha or beta configuration of the sugar.
The hemiacetal or hemiketal ring
The alpha and beta anomers interconvert by a process called _____.
Mutarotation
If the oxygen on the anomeric carbon of a sugar is not attached to any other structure, that sugar can act as a reducing agent and is termed a _____.
Reducing sugar
Monosaccharides can be linked by _____ to create larger structures.
Glycosidic bonds
What are the 5 glycosides?
Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Homopolysaccharides, and Heteropolysaccharides.
Disaccharides contain_____ monosaccharide units.
2
Oligosaccharides contain_____ to about ten monosaccharide units.
3
Polysaccharides contain more than _____ monosaccharide units.
10
Homopolysaccharides contain _____ type of monosaccharide.
Only 1
Heteropolysaccharides contain _____different kinds.
2 or more
What are the 5 important dietary disaccharides?
Maltose, Cellobiose, Isomaltose, Sucrose, and Lactose.
Starch and glycogen is examples of what?
Polysaccharides
A homopolysaccharide made of linear, unbranched D-glucose units, with Beta-(1-4) glycosidic bonds. This is which dietary disaccharide?
Cellulose
Glycoproteins are proteins in which oligosaccharides of 3 to 10 sugar residues in length are _____ attached.
Covalently
The oligosaccharide may be attached to the protein through asparagine ; an _____-linked glycosidic bond.
N
The oligosaccharide may be attached to the protein through serine or threonine; an _____-linked glycosidic bond.
O
There is an _____-glycosidic linkage between galactose or glucose and the hydroxyl group of 5-hydroxylysine.
O
The extracellular spaces found in cartilage, tendons, ligaments, skin and blood vessels, consist of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix known as _____ substance.
Ground
Proteins and glycosaminoglycans (except hyaluronic acid) are _____ bonded to each other to form proteoglycans.
Covalently
Hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds is catalyzed by a family of _____.
Glycosidases
Glucose+ Fructose=
Sucrose
Glucose+ Galactose=
Lactose
2 Glucose=
Maltose
Glucose and galactose are absorbed by a sodium-dependent glucose transport called _____.
SGLT-1
Fructose requires a facilitated diffusion channel called _____.
GLUT-5
All three monosaccharides (Sucrose, lactose, maltose) are transported from the intestinal mucosal cells into the portal circulation by another facilitated diffusion channel called _____.
GLUT-2
