Metabolic Concepts- Fatty Acid Oxidation Flashcards
Essential Fatty Acids
Omega 3 and Omega 6
Family name based on location of first unsaturation
Beta oxidation
process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria
Fatty acid to Acyl Coa
Fatty acid turns into acyl adenylate via ATP
The acyl adenylate then turns into an Acyl CoA via an Acyl CoA Synthetase which attaches a CoA
Uses 2 equivalents of ATP
How does Acyl CoA get inside mitochondrial matrix?
Carnitine pathway- Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I takes off CoA in Acyl CoA and puts in carnitine which goes through the carnitine carrier protein through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The carnitine is then taken off and CoA is put back on via the carnitine palmitoyl transferase II
Where is acyl coa synthetase located?
in the cytosol
How is beta oxidation regulated?
By the inner mitochondrial membrane: beta oxidation occurs in the matrix whereas biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the cytosol;
regulation of the carnitine pathway- allosteric inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I by Malonyl coA
Acyl CoA
even number preferred because it turns into 2 carbon acetyl groups
Enoyl-CoA isomerase
moves the double bond in an enoyl-coa if the double bond is already present and not on the alpha and beta carbon
Co-factors in beta oxidation pathway
FAD, NAD, NADPH (phosphate group adds energy), CoASH
Odd number fatty acid groups produce
benzoate
even number fatty acid groups produce
phenyl acetate
transfer of acetyl-CoA from mitochondria to cytosol is through
tricarboxylate transport system
What happens to acetyl coa in mitochondria
either goes through TCA cycle in mitochondria or is shipped to cytosol for other things
FADH2 and NADH
used for electron transport chain- proton gradient
odd chain fatty acids result in
propionyl co-a which can then converted into succinyl coa and be used in tca cycle
