Metabolic Flashcards
What is the most likely electrolyte abnormality with hyperventilation?
Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia,
Why does hypocalcemia occur with hyperventilation?
Hydrogen ion offloads from proteins and calcium binds
Why does hypokalemia occur with hyperventilation?
Hydrogen ion intracellular trades with extracellular potassium
Why does hypophosphatemia occur with hyperventilation?
High pH stimulates glycolytic pathway enhancing sugar phosphate production. This triggers cellular uptake of phosphorus
What is conn’s syndrome?
Primary hyperaldosteronism 2/2 adrenal mass
What is the most common presenting sign of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Nephrolithiasis
EKG effect of hypercalcemia?
Short QT interval
What hormone sensitizes myocardium and may result thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy?
Triiodothyronine
Most common cause of death in SAH?
Initial bleeding
Most common cause of death within the first 24h of SAH?
Bleeding/re-bleeding
When does rebreeding peak in SAH?
First 24h
Why is calcium low in ESRD?
1) High levels of Ca2+ complexing with Phosphorus
2) No production of 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D
What substance controls the hepatic arterial buffer system?
Adenosine
What is another name for primary adrenal insufficiency?
Addison’s Disease
At what percentage of carbon dioxide bound to Hgb is hyperbaric oxygen therapy indicated?
> 25%
