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Metabolism > MET: Anatomy Practical 1 > Flashcards

MET: Anatomy Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

label 1-3

A
  1. oral proper cavity: space inside the teeth (mostly occupied by tongue)
  2. vestibule: space between cheecks and teeth
  3. frenelum: attaches to tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

label 1-3

A

1: posterior belly of digastric muscle
2: mylohyoid muscle (cut)
3: geniohydoid muscle

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4
Q

pharnynx muscles:

  • the pharynx consists of which three extrinsic muscles?
    • the pharynx consists of which three constrictor muscles?
A

The pharynx consists of three extrinsic muscles; stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngues muscles.

the pharynx consists of three constrictor muscles: superior, middle and inferior

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5
Q
  • *sublingual** glands:
  • location?
  • function?
  • secrete into?
  • duct runs from where / to?
A

sublingual glands:

  • location: floor of the oral cavity: form a shallow groove on the medial surface of the mandible known as the sublingual fossa.
  • function: produces a thick mucinous fluid and lubricates the oral cavity

- secrete into: oral cavity. Secretions drain into the oral cavity by minor sublingual ducts, each opening out onto the sublingual folds. Each sublingual fold extends from a posterolateral position and traverses anteriorly to join the sublingual papillae at the midline, either side of the lingual frenulum.

- duct runs from where / to: They open with separate ducts on the sublingual fold (plica sublingualis), a fold of mucous membrane between the tongue and the body of the mandible.

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6
Q
  • *parotid glands:**
  • location?
  • function?
  • secrete into?
  • duct runs from where / to?
A

parotid glands:
- location: large salivary glands located in front of each ear
- function: secrete saliva
- secrete into: into oral cavity
- duct: runs from anterior surface of the gland, pierces the buccinator and opens onto oral cavity near second upper molar

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7
Q

You suspect a patients muscles of mastication may be affected.

What tests would you perform to assess this?

A

ask to open mouth agaisnt resistance

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates stylopharyngeus?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

whats 1-5?

A

1: soft palate: roof of th eoral cavity
2. uvula: midleine extension of the mucosa of the soft palate

3 palatine tonsil: found between the two arches of mucosa that project down from soft palate

4 palatopharyngeal arch: lie postierior to palatine tonsils

  1. palaoglossal arch: lies anterior to palatine tonsils
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11
Q

name the three papillae in the tongue

which have taste buds (2)

A
  • fungiform papillae: located anteriorly
  • filiform papillae: loacted centrally
  • circumvallate papillae: located posteriorly

fungiform and circumvallate = taste buds

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12
Q
A

1: superior longitudinal muscles
2: inferior longitudinal muscles
3: transverse muscles
4: vertical muscles

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13
Q

label 1-4 of the suprahyoid

A

1: thyrohyoid muscle
2: sternothryoid muscle
3: sternohyoid muscle
4: omohyoid muscle

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14
Q

what is the differnece in the role of the intrisic and extrinsic muscles of mouth?

what level does the pharnyx extend to?
where do the naso-p, oro-p and larngo-p lie between?

A

intrinsic muscle: change shape
extrinsic muscle: change position

pharynx extends to: C6

  • *nasopharynx:** base of skull -> soft palate
  • *oropharnyx:** soft palate -> epiglottis
  • *larnygopharynx:** up to larnygeal opening
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15
Q

There are two groups of muscles that attach to the hyoid bone:

The ?? muscles (lie above the hyoid bone) and the ?? muscles (lie below the hyoid bone).

name each of ??

A

There are two groups of muscles that attach to the hyoid bone:

The suprahyoid muscles (lie above the hyoid bone)

  • mylohyoid muscle: mandible –> hyoid
  • digastric muscle: digastric fossa –> hyoid
  • geniohyoid - narrow muscle superior to mylohyoid

and the infrahyoid muscles (lie below the hyoid bone):

  • thyrohyoid muscle: hyoid -> thyroid
  • sternothyroid muscle: sternum -> thyroid
  • sternohyoid muscle: sternum -> hyoid
  • omohyoid muscle
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16
Q

parotid gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from which nerve?

Which cranial nerve does not innervate the Parotid gland but is closely associated to the gland?

A

parotid gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from glossopharyngeal nerve

Which cranial nerve does not innervate the Parotid gland but is closely associated to the gland = The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), gives rise to five terminal branches within the parotid gland. These branches go on to innervate the muscles of facial expression.

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17
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?
role?

A

uvula: central point of soft palate
function: can be elevated to prevent food moving into nasal passage

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18
Q

upper oesophageal sphincter is made from which muscle?

A

EOS: cricopharnyngeus muscle

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19
Q

label left to right

What is the innervation to these muscles?

A

**1. temporalis muscle

  1. masseter muscle

3, medial pterygoid

4: lateral pterygoid**

innervation = mandibular branch (v3) of the trigeminal nerve

20
Q

submanidublar gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from which nerve?

A
  • submanidublar gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from facial nerve (CN VII) nerve
21
Q

Which muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

Which muscles of mastication close the mouth?

A

- Lateral pterygoid muscles: open the mouth

  • the temporalis, massester and medial pterygoid muscles help close the mouth
22
Q

The infratemporal fossa:

Location?
function?

A

The infratemporal fossa

  • location: depression located beneath the temporal bone.
  • function: associated with the muscles of mastication. It also forms an important passage for the mandibular nerve.
23
Q

What is the motor nerve supply to the oesophagus?

A

vagal nerve

24
Q

sublinguil gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from which nerve?

A

sublinguil gland recieves parasympathetic innervation from facial nerve (CN VII) nerve

25
Q

for anterior 2/3 tongue:
which nerve supplies the
a) special sensory (taste)
b) general sensory (pressure etc)
c) motor sensory?

A

anterior 2/3 tongue:
nerve supplies the
a) special sensory (taste): CN VII - facial nerve
b) general sensory (pressure etc): CN V - trigeminal nerve (V3, mandibular nerve)
c) motor sensory: hypoglossal nerve - CN XII

for posterior 1/3 tongue:
nerve supplies the
a) special sensory (taste): glossopharnyngeal nerve (CN IX)
b) general sensory (pressure etc): glossopharnyngeal nerve (CN IX)
c) motor sensory: hypoglossal nerve - CN XII

26
Q

what is difference between upper and lower oesphageal sphincter?

A

upper oesphageal sphincter:

  • anatomical sphincter
  • skeletal muscle (but not vol. control)

lower oesphageal sphincter:

  • physiological sphincter: enters stomach at acute angle & ‘pinch-cock’ effect from diaphragm
  • smooth muscle
27
Q

label 1-5

A

1: posterior 1/3 tongue
2: anterior 2/3 tongue / body
3: sulcus terminalis
4: **median sulcus

5 foramen cecum**

28
Q

what are the 3 constrictions of the oesph?

what level is each one found at?

A
  1. first (cervical) constriction = **cricoid cartilage and is found at the level of C5/6

2.**
second (thoracic) constriction = aortic arch and the left main bronchus cross the oesophagus and occurs at the level of T4/5

3: The third (abdominal) constriction is located at the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and can be found at vertebral level T10/11

29
Q

where is the orifice of the parotid duct?

where are the orifices of the submanidublar gland ducts in relation to the frenulum of the tongue?

A

orifice of the parotid duct: upper second molar

orifices of the submanidublar gland ducts in relation to the frenulum of the tongue: either side

30
Q

Which part of the pharynx do you find the opening of the eustachian tube?

A

nasopharynx

31
Q
A
32
Q

all the muscles that move that mandible are supplied by which nerve?

what are the 3 salivary glands?

A

manidublar nerve V3

  • *salivary glands:**
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
33
Q

which structure connects the nasopharnyx to the middle ear?

A

The eustachian tube

34
Q

The motor nerve supply to ALL of the muscles of the tongue EXCEPT for palatoglossus is the ?? nerve? Palatoglossus is supplied by ?? NERVE (CN X).

A

The motor nerve supply to ALL of the muscles of the tongue EXCEPT for palatoglossus is the HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII). Palatoglossus is supplied by VAGUS NERVE (CN X).

35
Q 
what vert. levels does the oesphagus run from / to?
function of upper and lower oesophagul sphincter?
A

oesphagus: C6 - 10

_upper oesophageal sphincte_r: to protect against reflux of food into the trachea as well as prevent entry of air into the digestive tract.

_lower oesophageal sphincte_r: to serve as a physical barrier against the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) (

36
Q

whats the role of the soft palate?

A

soft palate: elevates during swallowing to prevent food moving into nasal cavity

37
Q

whats this guy?

A

hard palate

38
Q
A
39
Q

the muscles in the pharynx are innervated by which nerve, except for the stylopharnygeal muscle - which is innervated by which nerve?

A
  • all pharynx muscles innervated by: vagus nerve

EXCEPT:

  • stylopharyngeus muscles which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX).
40
Q

label these extrinsic muscles of the tongue
what are their functions? (need to know?)

A

1: palatoglossus: elevates posterior tongue
2: styloglossus: retracts and elevates tongue
3. genioglossus: tip of tongue movement, protude and depress tongue
4 hyoglossus: depresses and retracts tongue

41
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis Muscle.

Medial Pterygoid.

Lateral Pterygoid.

Masseter.

42
Q
  1. There is a transition from skeletal to smooth muscle as you move in which direction?
  2. in the oesophagus, there is an inner ?? layer - contraction of this muscle cause what?
  3. There is also an outer ?? layer of muscle, contraction of which causes what?
A
  1. There is a transition from skeletal to smooth muscle as you move distally.
  2. There is an inner circular layer - contraction of this muscle increases luminal pressure.
  3. There is also an outer longitudinal layer of muscle, contraction of which causes shortening of the oesophagus.
43
Q

label 1-2

A

1: mylohyoid muscle
2: anterior belly of digastric muscle

44
Q

which level of body is this? how can u tell by oesph?

A

inferior thorax: oesphagus sits to right

45
Q

which nerves supply the tongue ? (4)

A

CN V: trigerminal nerve
CN VII: facial nerve
CN IX: glossopharnyngeal nerve
CN XII: hypoglossal nerve

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