Anatomy of the Mouth and Oesophagus Flashcards
which of the cranial nerves are associated with the mouth and oesophagus? (5)
CN V: trigeminal
CN VII: facial nerve
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
CN X: vagus nerve
CN XII: hypoglossal
which bone do you find your superior teeth in?
which bone do you find your inferior teeth in?
- superior: maxilla
- inferior: mandible
label the mandible
- which part serves as the muscle attachment point and moves the mandible?
- coronoid process: muscle attachment point
- what is the name of the sphincter muscle which encircles the mouth?
- what is the name of the muscle that makes up cheek?
- both innervated by?
these muscles are part of a group called: ….?
name of the sphincter muscle which encircles the mouth: orbicularis oris
name of the muscle that makes up cheek: buccinator
both innervated by: facial nerve (CN VII)
these muscles are part of a group called: muscles of facial expression
which nerve provides sensory innervation for the entire face?
- how is it split up? (3)
- which of ^ supply superior teeth?
- which of ^ supply inferior teeth?
- *trigeminal nerve (CN V):**
- ophthalamic (V1)
- maxillary (V2)
- mandibular (V3)
- *-** maxillary V2 —> superior alveolar nerve: supplies superior teeth
- mandible V3 —> inferior alveolar nerve ( –> mental nerve) supplies inferior teeth
the muscles of mastication are innervated by which nerve?
- what are they? (4)
the muscles of mastication are innervated by **trigeminal nerve - mandibular nerve (V3)
- temporalis
- masseter
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid**
which muscles of mastiication are involved in:
a) elevation and retraction?
b) elevation and protrusion?
c) depression and protrusion?
d) elevation and protrusion?
a) elevation and retraction: temporalis
b) elevation and protrusion: masseter
c) depression & protrusion: lateral pterygoid
d) elevation and protrusion: medial pterygoid
which CN provides innervation to A-C?
A: facial nerve
B: facial nerve
C: mandibular nerve
what are the 3 paired salivary glands?
what are they innervated by?
where do each of them drain into?
- parotid glands = glossspharyngeal nerve = drain into upper 2nd molar
- sublingual glands = facial nerve = drain into either side of frenulum of the tongue
- submandibular glands = facial nerve = drain into either side of frenulum of the tongue
what is non coloured arrow pointing at?
- what are the green circles
- whats the yellow circle?
non coloured arrow: **frenelum
- yellow:opening ofsubmandibular**
- *- green:** opening of sublingual
what are the two groups of muscles in the tongue?
how do they move the tongue?
innervated by?
- two groups: intrinsic (superficial) & extrinsic (deep)
- intrinsic changes shape
- extrinsic changes position
- both innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
which divides the anterior and posterior nerve?
vallate papillae xox
what is the special and general sensory innervation for the a) anterior 2/3 tongue? b) posterior 1/3 tongue
a) anterior 2/3 tongue
- special: facial -> chorda tympani
- general: lingual nerve (V3)
- *b) posterior 1/3 tongue**
- special: glossopharyngeal
- general: glossopharyngeal
the hard palatine is composed of which bones (2)
where is the soft palate in relation to the hard palate?
what does soft palate do when eating?
soft palate is innervated by?
hard palate: maxilla & palatine
soft palate: composed of muscles posterior to the hard palate - elevates during swallowing to prevent food entering nasal cavity
soft palate is innervated by vagus nerve
sensory innervation of the pharynx is from which nerve?
what are the constrictor muscles called in pharynx? - innervated by?
sensory innervation of the pharynx is from glossopharnygeal nerve
constrictor muscles: superior, middle and inferior constrictors. vagus nerve innervation
what is the name of this muscle?
what is its role?
where does it recieve motor innervation from?
= stylopharnygeus muscle
- function: elevates the pharnyx during swallowing
- innervation: glossopharnygeal nerve
the gag reflex is a response to touching what?
and involves a brisk and brief elevation of what? and contraction of?
gag reflex is a response to the touching posterior pharnygeal wall (CN IX)
&
involves a brief and brisk elevation of the soft palate and contraction of the pharngeal muscles (CN X)
name given for swallowing?
deglutition
explain mechanism of deglutiton
- Blue region = food
- Tongue pushes food to back of mouth
- Soft palate elevates (to stop food going into nasal cavity)
- Larynx is pulled superiorly so the opening of the larynx is closed by the epiglottis
- Food is then left with only one place to go, down the oesophagus
- *upper oesophageal sphincter**
- what type of sphincter
- is produced by which skeletal muscle?
- *lower oesophageal sphincter:**
- what type of sphincter?
- aided anatomically by? (2)
- *upper oesophageal sphincter**
- what type of sphincter: anatomical sphincter
- is produced by which skeletal muscle: cricopharyngeus muscle
- *lower oesophageal sphincter:**
- what type of sphincter: physiological sphincter
- aided anatomically by: acute angle (1) ; diaphragm has ‘pinch cock’ effect (1)
what are the three narrowing of oesophagus?
why clinically important?
- *three constrictions:**
- cervical constriction (anatomical sphincter - cricopharyngeus muscle)
- thoracic constriction (where left main bronchus & arch of aorta cross the oesophagus - T4/5)
- diaphragmatic constriction (physiological sphincter)
