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Metabolism > Anatomy Session 2: Oesophagus to Anys > Flashcards

Anatomy Session 2: Oesophagus to Anys Flashcards

1
Q
A

cystic duct

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2
Q

Which vein does the gut drain its venous blood towards?

A

Venous blood from the gut drains towards the hepatic portal vein towards the Liver. It is then filtered through the Liver before being returned to the IVC.

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3
Q
A

hepatic artery proper

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4
Q

identify the peritoneal folds indicated by the markers

A
  1. transverse mesocolon
  2. mesentary
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5
Q

The rectum and anus are therefore a site of WHAT?

A

The rectum and anus are therefore a site of portosystemic anastomoses.

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6
Q
A

common hepatic duct

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7
Q

The arterial branches from the superior mesenteric artery that supply the small intestine form arcades and have vasa recta (straight vessels) emanating from those arcades to the intestine itself.

The appearance of the arcades and vasa recta differs as the intestine progresses from jejunum to ileum. How?

A

jejunum: long vasa recta and fewer loops - A

ileum: larger arcades and vasa recta are shorter - B

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8
Q

what is the ampulla of Vater?

A

The ampulla of Vater is the spot where the pancreatic and bile ducts release their secretions into the intestines.

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9
Q

The gastroepiploic artery (GEA) is made up of two arteries which supply the WHAT? (2)

A

greater omentum and stomach

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10
Q
A

short gastric !

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11
Q

The attachment site of the liver to the right diaphragm is known as the WHAT area?

A

The attachment site of the liver to the right diaphragm is known as the bare area​

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12
Q

what forms the inferior borderof the external oblique? (2). what does it form?

A

ASIS and the pubic tubercle
forms the inguinal ligament

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13
Q

which part of the gut is the appendix in?

foregut

midgut

hindgut

A

which part of the gut is the appendix in?

foregut

midgut

hindgut

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14
Q

what anatomical position does the pancreas have the stomach?

a) anterior
b) inferior
c) superior
d) posterior

A

what anatomical position does the pancreas have to the stomach?

a) anterior
b) inferior
c) superior

d) posterior

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15
Q

identify the branches of the coeliac trunk that the arrow points to and note what they are supplying.

A

common hepatic artery

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16
Q
A

gastroduodenal

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17
Q

what is this thing in the middle?

A

mesocolon

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18
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) branches into WHAT? (3)

A

left colic, sigmoidal and superior rectal arteries

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19
Q

how would you describe the blood supply to the recutm?

A

dense blood supply !

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20
Q
A

right gastroepiploic

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21
Q

jejunum or ileum?

A

ileum

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22
Q
A

fundus

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23
Q

which part of the small intestine is the site of maximum absorbtion?

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

A

which part of the small intestine is the site of maximum absorbtion?

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

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24
Q

The hindgut starts where?
and ends where?

A

The hindgut begins 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon. it ends at the anus.

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25
Q

label each of the 4 parts of the duodenum

which part is most clinicall relevant? why

A

most clinically relevent: descending - has bile and pancreatic ducts draining into it

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26
Q

How would you describe the usual position of the appendix?

retrocaecal

inferocaecal

superiocaecal

anteriocaecal

A

How would you describe the usual position of the appendix?

retrocaecal

inferocaecal

superiocaecal

anteriocaecal

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27
Q
  1. what is the name of the region of the colon when the ascending colon abrputly turns to become the transverse colon?
  2. what is the name of the region of the colon when the transverse colon abrputly turns to become the descedning colon?
A

1. hepatic flexure (bc next to the liver)

  1. splenic flexure
28
Q

what is the major artery seen here?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

29
Q

what are the 3 rectal arteries?

A

**superior rectal artery

middle rectal artery**

inferior rectal artery

30
Q

what covers the rectus abodminis?

A

rectus sheath

31
Q

The lower oesophageal sphincter is a physiological sphincter, not an anatomical sphincter. Which anatomical structures help to reinforce this sphincter?

Diaphragm

Left atria

pancreas

upper oesophageal sphincter

left lobe of the liver

A

The lower oesophageal sphincter is a physiological sphincter, not an anatomical sphincter. Which anatomical structures help to reinforce this sphincter?

Diaphragm

Left atria

pancreas

upper oesophageal sphincter

left lobe of the liver

32
Q

The nerve supply to the gut is both sympathetic and parasympathetic. Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and the midgut

A

vagus nerve

33
Q
A

common bile duct

34
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

35
Q

how would you descrbe the duodenum with regards to its position in the peritoneum?

A

The duodenum is largely retroperitoneal, and found on the posterior abdominal wall.

36
Q

what is the most common position of the appendix?

A

retrocaecal

37
Q

whats the white bit that the external oblique ends?

A

aponeurotic region

38
Q

The anterior abdominal wall is comprised of THREE anterolateral muscle layers. From superficial to deep, these are: WHAT? (3)

which direction do the muscle fibres run in?

A
  • *external oblique**: anteterior inferior direction
  • *internal oblique**: posterior inferior direction
  • *transverses abdominis:** transverse direction
39
Q

What is inflammation of the peritoneum called?

A

peritonitis

40
Q

is the transverse colon intra or retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal !

41
Q
A

ampulla of vater

42
Q

which of these is each part of the small intestine

A
43
Q

describe the venous drainage of the rectum

A

superior rectal vein –> inferior mesenteric artery

middle rectal artery –> internal iliac vein

inferior rectal artery –> pudendal vein

44
Q
A

left gastric

45
Q

If pressure within the abdomen increased which part of the stomach would be most likely to be pushed superiorly through the oesophageal hiatus?

fundus

body

antrum

phylorus

A

If pressure within the abdomen increased which part of the stomach would be most likely to be pushed superiorly through the oesophageal hiatus?

fundus

body

antrum

phylorus

  • Decreased abdominal muscle tone and increased pressure within the abdominal cavity could lead to the development of a hiatal hernia.*
  • Thus, people who are obese and women who are pregnant may be at an increased risk for developing a hiatal hernia.*
  • A hiatus hernia is when the fundus of the stomach passes through the oesophageal hiatus so stomach acid can pass into the oesophagus.*
46
Q

describe position of the pancreas in relation to the spleen

A

The pancreas is located behind the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen, where its tail comes promxial to spleen

the spleen is located left to the stomach in contact with the tail of the spleen in the left upper part of the abdomen.

47
Q

name the artery that the following branch directly from

superior rectal artery

middle rectal artery

inferior rectal artery

A

superior rectal artery: inferior mesenteric artery

middle rectal artery: internal iliac artery

inferior rectal artery: pudendal

48
Q

which two bony landmarks does the inguinal ligament run between?

A

anterior superior iliac crest of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone.

49
Q
A

linea alba

50
Q

ileum or jejunum?

A

ileum

51
Q
A

inguinal ligament

52
Q

At which vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

t10

53
Q

jejunum or ileum?

A

jejunum

54
Q

what is the highlighted yellow structure?

A

lesser omentum !

55
Q

which organ is attached to the posterior surface of the greater omentum?

A

transverse colon

56
Q

identify the branches of the coeliac trunk that the arrow points to and note what they are supplying.

A

superior pancreaticduodenal

57
Q

Which of the following statements about the hepatic portal vein are true?

The inferior mesenteric vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein

The hepatic portal vein is a union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

At the liver, the hepatic portal vein splits into anterior and posterior veins

The splenic vein receives the inferior mesenteric vein

A

Which of the following statements about the hepatic portal vein are true?

The inferior mesenteric vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein

The hepatic portal vein is a union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

At the liver, the hepatic portal vein splits into anterior and posterior veins

The splenic vein receives the inferior mesenteric vein

58
Q

Which structure helps to prevent heartburn?

upper oesophageal sphincter

lower oesophageal sphincter

phyloric sphincter

A

Which structure helps to prevent heartburn?

upper oesophageal sphincter

lower oesophageal sphincter

phyloric sphincter

59
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

Vagus nerve

pelvic splachnic nerves

pudendal nerve

phrenic nerce

A

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

Vagus nerve

pelvic splachnic nerves

pudendal nerve

phrenic nerce

60
Q

what are the three muscles layers of the stomach?

A

longitudinal
circular
oblique

61
Q

identify the peritoeal folds indicated by the markers !

A
  1. falicform ligament
  2. greater omentum
62
Q

what level do u find the

a) coelaic trunk?
b) SMA?
c) IMA?

A

a) coelaic trunk: T12
b) SMA: L1
c) IMA: L3

63
Q

What anatomical relationship does the greater omentum have to the stomach?

a) anterior
b) inferior
c) superior
d) posterior

A

What anatomical relationship does the greater omentum have to the stomach?

a) anterior

b) inferior

c) superior
d) posterior

64
Q

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branches into .. WHAT ? (4)

A

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branches into jejunal, ileocolic, right colic and middle colic arteries

65
Q
A

external oblique

66
Q

The three main branches of the coeliac trunk are the?

A

left gastric artery
common hepatic artery
splenic artery.

67
Q

what specific feature does the ileum have way more of than the duodenum and jejunem dont have?

A

peyers patches

Metabolism (35 decks)

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