Messenger RNA Processing

Question 1

The Capping Enzyme Complex attaches to what?

Answer 1

A GTP molecule to the 5’ end of the mRNA to form the 5’ G-Cap

Question 2

The mRNA is synthesized by

Answer 2

RNA polymerase

Question 3

Polyadenylate polymerase attaches 50-250 Adenine Nucleotides to the

Answer 3

3’ end to form the 3’ Poly-A tail

Question 4

Essential functions of the 5’ G-Cap & The 3’ Poly-A tail

Answer 4

*enables mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
*increase mRNA stability preventing its degradation by RNases
*Enable the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to interact with the mRNA

Question 5

The splicesome is the?

Answer 5

large enzyme complex in the nucleus

Question 6

The splicesome helps remove

Answer 6

Introns from the mRNA & links the remaining exons together to form mature mRNA

Question 7

alternative splicing magnifies the coding power of the human genome by

Answer 7

enabling human cells to synthesize 100,000 types of proteins from 19,000 protein-coding genes

Question 8

alternative splicing enables your cells to produce

Answer 8

*multiple mRNAs with different exon sequences, and consequently different nucleotide sequences, from one gene
*Specialized versions of a protein with different amino acid sequences, and consequently different functions, from one gene

Question 9

alternative splicing enables eukaryotic cells to make versions of a?

Answer 9

protein specialized for a specific cell type or environmental factor

Question 10

defective splicing relates to 50%

Answer 10

of genetic disorders

Question 11

splice mutation diseases»

Answer 11

Autism spectrum disorder, beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy and some cancers relate to abnormal splicing