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Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Population

A

individuals of the same species that inhabit a specific location at a specific time

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2
Q

Species (a type or kind of life form)

A

a group of populations whose members can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Speciation

A

the process of new species formation

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4
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic inherited from a parent

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5
Q

Adaptation

A

a trait that increases reproduction

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6
Q

Allele

A

an alternative form of a single gene
-each allele has a unique nucleotide sequence
-the alleles contain different genetic instructions

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7
Q

Genotype

A

the two alleles that an individual has at a specific gene

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8
Q

Phenotype

A

an individual’s observable anatomical,physiological, and behavioral characteristics

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9
Q

An individual phenotype for a specific characteristic is due to the

A

complex interaction between the individual’s genotype and environment

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10
Q

Evolution

A

a biological change over generations

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11
Q

Animal species show changes

A

in anatomy, behavior,and physiology over generations

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12
Q

Charles Darwin defined evolution as

A

“Descent with modification from a common ancestor”

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13
Q

Over Generations, The Descendants Of
An Ancestral Species Accumulate The
Modifications That Enable Them To

A

Adapt More Effectively To Current
Environmental Conditions

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14
Q

Parents Transmit These ———
Coded In DNA To Offspring

A

“Adaptive Traits”

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15
Q

Individuals In Future Generations Are Better
Adapted To Current

A

Environmental
Conditions

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16
Q

An Adaptation Is A Trait

A

that Improves The Ability To Reproduce Under the Current
Environmental Conditions

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17
Q

Homology

A

is an identical trait shared by related species because they inherited it from a common ancestor?

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18
Q

DNA Mutations enable

A

biological change over generations

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19
Q

Mutations form new alleles (different versions of a gene) that code for?

A

new traits

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20
Q

some new traits improve reproduction

A

in the current environment

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21
Q

the fossil record shows aquatic, terrestrial, and flying animal species have experienced

A

changes in many traits over generations

22
Q

the fossil record shows that plants have experienced changes

A

in multiple traits over generations

23
Q

selective breeding (Artificial selection) of dogs, horses,livestock, pigeons,etc

A

by our ancestors shows that life can change over generations

24
Q

selective breeding of crops shows

A

that life can change over generations

25
Q

evolution is a process by which

A

the living world has been developing after the origin of life.

26
Q

evolution is the change allele frequency

A

or “genetic structure” in a population over generations

27
Q

evolution is relevant to

A

medicine

28
Q

the evolution of drug resistance in pathogen complicates

A

infectious disease managment

29
Q

Quinine & Artemisinin resistance in plasmodium falciparum

A

populations that cause Malaria

30
Q

Antiviral drug resistance

A

HIV populations

31
Q

Tamiflu resistance in

A

influenza virus populations

32
Q

Antibiotic resistance in

A

pathogenic populations

33
Q

flu virus envolved resistance to

A

tamiflu

34
Q

evolution is relevant to medicine and ——–

A

public health

35
Q

the evolution in pesticide resistance in disease vectors complicates infectious disease management such as

A

insecticide resistance in flea&lice populations ,mosquito populations, tick population

36
Q

Flea & lice populations

A

cat scratch disease, trench fever,and carrion’s disease caused by the Bartonella species of Bacteria

37
Q

Mosquito populations

A

dengue fever,Malaria,yellow fever

38
Q

Tick populations

A

Lyme disease & the rickettsioses

39
Q

a pesticide is a

A

toxin that kills pests

40
Q

an insecticide is a

A

a pesticide that kills insects & Arachnids

41
Q

Evolution affects agriculture and

A

our food supply

42
Q

Herbicide

A

resistance in the weed population

43
Q

insecticide

A

resistance insect pest populations

44
Q

fungicide

A

resistance in pathogenic fungi populations

45
Q

antibiotic

A

resistance in pathogenic bacteria populations

46
Q

many insect species are resistant to

A

insecticides

47
Q

Some Insect Pest, Plant Pathogen, And Parasitic Plant Populations Have Evolved Resistance To

A

-Resistant Crop Varieties Produced Through Conventional Crop Breeding Programs
(Selective Breeding)
* Genetically-Modified Resistant Crops Produced By Recombinant DNA Technology

48
Q

How is evolution by natural selection affecting? (Agriculture)

A
49
Q

How is evolution by natural selection affecting? (medicine)

A
50
Q
A

Biology (14 decks)

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