Evolution Flashcards
Population
individuals of the same species that inhabit a specific location at a specific time
Species (a type or kind of life form)
a group of populations whose members can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring
Speciation
the process of new species formation
Trait
a characteristic inherited from a parent
Adaptation
a trait that increases reproduction
Allele
an alternative form of a single gene
-each allele has a unique nucleotide sequence
-the alleles contain different genetic instructions
Genotype
the two alleles that an individual has at a specific gene
Phenotype
an individual’s observable anatomical,physiological, and behavioral characteristics
An individual phenotype for a specific characteristic is due to the
complex interaction between the individual’s genotype and environment
Evolution
a biological change over generations
Animal species show changes
in anatomy, behavior,and physiology over generations
Charles Darwin defined evolution as
“Descent with modification from a common ancestor”
Over Generations, The Descendants Of
An Ancestral Species Accumulate The
Modifications That Enable Them To
Adapt More Effectively To Current
Environmental Conditions
Parents Transmit These ———
Coded In DNA To Offspring
“Adaptive Traits”
Individuals In Future Generations Are Better
Adapted To Current
Environmental
Conditions
An Adaptation Is A Trait
that Improves The Ability To Reproduce Under the Current
Environmental Conditions
Homology
is an identical trait shared by related species because they inherited it from a common ancestor?
DNA Mutations enable
biological change over generations
Mutations form new alleles (different versions of a gene) that code for?
new traits
some new traits improve reproduction
in the current environment
the fossil record shows aquatic, terrestrial, and flying animal species have experienced
changes in many traits over generations
the fossil record shows that plants have experienced changes
in multiple traits over generations
selective breeding (Artificial selection) of dogs, horses,livestock, pigeons,etc
by our ancestors shows that life can change over generations
selective breeding of crops shows
that life can change over generations
