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OT Practice in Mental Health > Mental Status Examination- Terms > Flashcards

Mental Status Examination- Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mental status examination?

A

Gives clinical a snapshot of patient’s emotions thoughts, behaviour at time of observation.

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2
Q

What components are measured under appearance?

A
  • Age, gender, ethnicity
  • Physical abnormalities
  • Attire
  • Hygiene
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3
Q

What components are measured under activity?

A
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Psychomotor retardation
  • Catatonia
  • Tics
  • Akathisia
  • Stereotypy
  • Tardive Dyskinesia
  • Echo praxia
  • Dystonia
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4
Q

What is psychomotor agitiation?

A

Excessive motor & cognitive activity, usually non-productive & in response to inner tension.

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5
Q

What is psychomotor retardation?

A

Visible slowing of thoughts speech and movements.

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6
Q

What is catatonia?

A

An immobile position that is maintained, voluntary assumption of inappropriate/bizarre posture or catatonic excitement (agitated purposeless motor activity - unaffected by ext events).

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7
Q

What is tics?

A

Involuntary spasmodic motor movement.

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8
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Subjective feeling of muscular tension (side effect of medication) - restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting and standing, can be mistaken for psychomotor agitation.

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9
Q

What is stereotypy?

A

Repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech e.g. hand waving, rocking, head-banging - behaviours often seen in people with autism or intellectual impairment.

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10
Q

What is Tardive Dyskinesia?

A

The effect of antipsychotics - involuntary, abnormal, irregular movements of muscles of head, limbs & trunk.

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11
Q

What is echo praxis?

A

Pathological imitation of the movements of one person by another.

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12
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Slow, sustained contractions of the trunk or limbs (often reaction to medication).

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13
Q

What is mood?

A

A patient’s description of pervasive and sustained subjective feeling - does not necessarily match affect – might be depressed, euphoric, distressed etc

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14
Q

What is affect?

A

Examiner’s observation of the client’s current emotional expression.

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15
Q

What is range affect?

A

Amount of movement between emotions - Expansive (e.g. from tearful to angry), full, blunted (quite severe reduction in display of emotion) or flat (absence of any emotion).

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16
Q

What is appropriateness affect?

A

Congruent or incongruent (with how the person describes mood).

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17
Q

What is mobility affect?

A

The Rate of change - i.e. Labile (moves quickly from one emotion to another), normal or constricted

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18
Q

What are components measured under speech?

A
  • Rate
  • Amount
  • Inflection and volume
  • Reciprocal flow
  • Articulation
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19
Q

What components are measured under thought processes?

A
  • Goal directed
  • Circumstantiality
  • Tangentiality
  • Loosening of associations
  • Flight of ideas
  • Word salad
  • Clang associations
  • Neologisms
  • Echolalia
  • Blocking
  • Magical thinking
20
Q

What are goal-directed thought processes?

A

Flow of ideas initiated by problem or task with reality-based conclusion with logical sequence.

21
Q

What are circumstantiality thought processes?

A

Delayed in reaching the point (over-inclusive details), but eventually gets to the desired goal.

22
Q

What are Tangentiality thought processes?

A

Unable to have goal directed associations of thought - never gets to desired goal of statement.

23
Q

What are loosening of associations ?

A

Flow of thought characterised by ideas shifting from 1 subject to another in unrelated way, speech may be incoherent when severe.

24
Q

What are flight of ideas?

A

Rapid, continuous verbalisations or plays on words that produce constant shifting from one idea to another - ideas tend to be connected, listener can follow if not severe.

25
Q

What are ‘word salad’ thought processes?

A

Incoherent mix of words and phrases.

26
Q

What are clang associations?

A

Association of words similar in sound but not in meaning, no logical connection, can incl. punning and rhyming.

27
Q

What are neologisms?

A

New words created by the person, often by combining syllables of other words

28
Q

What are Echolalia thought processes?

A

Psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another, repetitive & persistent - may be in mocking or staccato tone.

29
Q

What are blocking thought processes?

A

Abrupt interruption in train of thought before thought finished - after brief pause, no recall of what was being said or going to be said.

30
Q

What is magical thinking?

A

Client believes that they caused an event just by thinking about an event in the external world (without any physical actions).

31
Q

What are components measured under thought content?

A
  • Suicidal/homicidal ideation
  • Ruminations
  • Preoccupations
  • Obsessions
  • Ideas of reference
  • Delusions
  • Sense of guilt
32
Q

What are ruminations?

A

Mood-congruent concerns commonly accompanying state of depression or anxiety.

33
Q

What are preoccupations?

A

Prominent thoughts in the consumer’s mind, but not held as firmly as delusions (e.g. paranoid, depressive, anxious and obsessional thoughts and overvalued ideas).

34
Q

What are obessions?

A

Pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that can’t be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort, intrusive or distressing.

35
Q

What are ideas of reference?

A

When a person ‘believes that they are receiving a special message from a TV, radio, or the internet that is not there’.

36
Q

What are delusions?

A

Fixed, false beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning, and re not consistent with intelligence or cultural background.

37
Q

What are components measured under perception?

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Illusions
  • Appropriate
  • Depersonalisation
  • Derealisation
  • Synesthesia
38
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli - auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, haptic (sensation of bugs).

39
Q

What are illusions?

A

Misperception or misinterpretation of external stimuli e.g. client thinks that a ceiling vent is a robot.

40
Q

What are appropriate perceptions?

A

Normal perception of external stimuli.

41
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

Feeling that one is falling apart, fragmenting, not oneself, becoming unreal or detached.

42
Q

What is derealisation?

A

Feeling that the world is not real, people not real, things becoming distant, alien or strange.

43
Q

What is synesthesia?

A

Sensation or hallucination caused by another sensation e.g. sound experienced as being seen or visual stimuli perceived as being heard.

44
Q

What are components measured under cognition?

A

-Orientation:ability to describe time, place, person and situation
-Level of consciousness or alertness
Attention/ concentration; judgement
-Memory: immediate, recent and remote
-Language: fluency, comprehension, naming -Constructional ability, abstract thinking/abstract ideas
-Naming objects, colours or recognition of faces

45
Q

What is insight?

A

Re ability to organise their life, understand the symptoms/impact of their illness, importance of medication etc.

46
Q

What measured when considering judgement?

A
  • Is the person able to make appropriate decisions on behaviour?
  • Can they make informed decisions by weighing up all available information? -Can they anticipate consequences of their choices and act accordingly?
47
Q

What are components measured when looking at rapport?

A

Eye contact

Manner of relating to examiner (warm and open, engagement, ability to share info, build connections).

OT Practice in Mental Health (17 decks)

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