Child and Adolescent Mental Health Flashcards
What is the impacts of trauma in childhood?
- Arthritis
- High blood pressure
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Autoimmune disorders
- Cancer
- PTSD
- Dissociative disorder
- Anxiety
- Phobias
- Substance abuse
- Depression
- Increased suicide risk
What are the 2 main presentations of a traumatised infant/young child?
- High degree of dissociation and withdrawal (not fully present)
- Highly aroused, vigilant state
What is the DSM criteria for Reactive Attachment Disorder?
- Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward adult caregivers: the child rarely/ minimally seeks comfort OR responds to comfort when distressed.
- Persistent social and emotional disturbance
- Child experienced pattern of extremes of insufficient care
What is disinhibited social engagement disorder?
Child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults:
- Reduced/ absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.
- Overly familiar verbal or physical behaviour
- Diminished/ absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away
- Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
- Experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care
What are the cognitive, socio-emotional and psychological impacts?
Hyperarousal:
-Hypervigilance, emotional tantrums, anxiety
Hypoarousal:
-Flat affect, numbness, feeling detached, passive aggression
Emotional dysregulation, difficulty with identification, expression of emotions:
-Role of sensory thresholds
What is the impact of PTSD for children 6 years and under?
Witnessed/experienced trauma: exposed to actual/threatened death, serious injury/sexual violence.
- Recurrent, involuntary, intrusive distressing memories of event
- Recurrent distressing dreams
- Dissociative reactions, child feels as if the event is reoccurring
- Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to cues
- Marked physiological reactions to reminders of event
- Increased frequency of negative emotional states, fewer positive emotions, decreased interest in activities, socially withdrawn.
What are common children’s mental health conditions?
- Anxiety disorders
- Depression
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
What are the types of ADHD?
- Predominantly inattentive,
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
- Combined type
- Behaviour outside normal range for child’s age & development.
What is oppositional defiant disorder?
-Includes at least four symptoms from any of these categories:
-Angry and irritable mood;
-Argumentative and defiant behaviour; or
vindictiveness
What is criteria of conduct disorder?
- Aggressive behavior toward others and animals.
- Frequent physical altercations with others.
- Use of a weapon to harm others.
- Deliberately physically cruel to other people or animals.
- Involvement in confrontational economic crime
- Property destruction by arson or other means
- Engaged in non-confrontational economic crime
- Engaged in non confrontational retail theft
What are risk factors for mental illness?
- Parenting practices – harsh/ over-protective
- Insecure attachment relationships
- Innate temperament
- Parents’ mental health problems
- Child’s sleep habits
- Family stress and trauma
What are examples of interventions of children and adults?
- Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance
- Dunn model of sensory processing
- Play based intervention for ADHD
- Zones of regulation and alert program
- Mindfulness
- Cognitive behavioural therapy
- Therapeutic writing and creative media
- Self esteem development
- Trauma informed care
- Enhancing capacities
- MOHO
- Motivational interviewing
- Dialectical behaviour therapy
What is the PACE intervention?
- Playfulness
- Acceptance
- Curiosity
- Empathy
What are guiding principles of family centred practice?
- Parent have ultimate responsibility for their children
- Family members treated with respect as individuals
- Needs of all family members are considered
- Parent’s expertise about child/family status and needs is recognised
- Families have an opportunity to decide on level of involvement they wish in decision-making for child
- Involvement of all family member is encouraged
What are conditions characterised by difficulties with social participation?
-Autism Spectrum Disorders
-Foetal Alcohol Spectrum
Disorder
-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
-Anxiety Disorder
-Learning Disabilities
-Mood disorders
-Cognitive impairment
-Developmental coordination
disorder
-Down’s Syndrome
-Schizophrenia
-Speech/language disorder
